Communication in conflict: Style‐strategy relationships

This study examines the relationships between scores on Rahim's measure of conflict styles and supervisors’ predictions of the communicative strategies they would use in conflicts with their subordinates. It finds that scores on some styles (integrating, compromising, and avoiding) predict initial communicative strategies, but not follow‐up strategies with noncompliant subordinates. Complex patterns of strategy shifts are examined in terms of style preferences and supervisor sex. While virtually all supervisors eventually shift to coercive communication with noncompliant subordinates, females do so more slowly.

[1]  Linda L. Putnam,et al.  Conflict and negotiation. , 1987 .

[2]  B. B. Bunker,et al.  Gender, self confidence, and social influence strategies: An organizational simulation. , 1983 .

[3]  D. Kipnis,et al.  Metamorphic effects of power. , 1976 .

[4]  Randy Hirokawa,et al.  A Comparison of Persuasive Strategies Used by Female and Male Managers I: An Examination of Downward Influence. , 1988 .

[5]  B. Greenberg,et al.  Sex differences in choice of modes of conflict resolution in real‐life and television , 1979 .

[6]  C. T. Brown,et al.  Gender roles, biological sex, and predisposition to conflict management , 1985 .

[7]  Anatol Rapoport,et al.  The 2x2 Game , 1976 .

[8]  M. London,et al.  Attributions of conflict management strategies in supervisor–subordinate dyads. , 1980 .

[9]  L. Offermann,et al.  Social Influence Strategies , 1985 .

[10]  Stephen E. Fienberg,et al.  The analysis of cross-classified categorical data , 1980 .

[11]  Daniel J. Canary,et al.  Goal Types, Gender, and Locus of Control in Managing Interpersonal Conflict , 1988 .

[12]  D. Kipnis,et al.  Use of leadership powers in industry. , 1969, The Journal of applied psychology.

[13]  R. Kilmann,et al.  Comparison of Four Instruments Measuring Conflict Behavior , 1978 .

[14]  C. Conrad.  Power and performance as correlates of supervisors’ choice of modes of managing conflict: A preliminary investigation , 1983 .

[15]  Steven R. Wilson,et al.  Assessing the Putnam-Wilson Organizational Communication Conflict Instrument (OCCI) , 1988 .

[16]  M. Turck.  A TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS OF COMPLIANCE‐GAINING BEHAVIOR , 1985 .

[17]  Ronald J. Burke,et al.  Methods of resolving superior-subordinate conflict: The constructive use of subordinate differences and disagreements , 1970 .

[18]  Estimable Functions in Log-Linear Models , 1984 .

[19]  Linda L. Putnam,et al.  Reciprocity in negotiations: An analysis of bargaining interaction , 1982 .

[20]  Boris Kabanoff,et al.  Potential influence structures as sources of interpersonal conflict in groups and organizations , 1985 .

[21]  J. Rubin,et al.  The social psychology of bargaining and negotiation , 1975 .

[22]  J. Cappella.  The Relevance of the Microstructure of Interaction to Relationship Change , 1984 .

[23]  The Conflict-Handling Modes , 1988 .

[24]  K. Deaux,et al.  Putting gender into context: An interactive model of gender-related behavior. , 1987 .

[25]  William A. Donohue.  ANALYZING NEGOTIATION TACTICS: DEVELOPMENT OF A NEGOTIATION INTERACT SYSTEM , 1981 .

[26]  William A. Donohue.  Development of a model of rule use in negotiation interaction , 1981 .

[27]  Raymond F. Zammuto,et al.  Effects of sex on commitment and conflict resolution. , 1979 .

[28]  G. Elliott.  Interpreting higher order interactions in log-linear analysis. , 1988 .

[29]  Jacob Cohen,et al.  Statistical Power Analysis For The Behavioral Sciences Revised Edition , 1987 .

[30]  Pamela S. Shockley-Zalabak.  The Effects of Sex Differences on the Preference for Utilization of Conflict Styles of Managers in a Work Setting: An Exploratory Study , 1981 .

[31]  Arnold S. Kahn,et al.  Cooperation and Optimal Responding in the Prisoner's Dilemma Game: Effects of Sex and Physical Attractiveness. , 1971 .

[32]  W. Swap,et al.  Measurement of interpersonal orientation. , 1983 .

[33]  Robert J. Sternberg,et al.  Styles of conflict resolution , 1984 .

[34]  S. Musser.  A model for predicting the choice of conflict management strategies by subordinates in high-stakes conflicts , 1982 .

[35]  Patricia A. Renwick.  The effects of sex differences on the perception and management of superior—subordinate conflict: An exploratory study , 1977 .

[36]  Stuart M. Schmidt,et al.  Managers' Pursuit of Individual and Organizational Goals , 1984 .

[37]  Michael J. Schneider,et al.  Situation Perception and Message Strategy Selection , 1986 .

[38]  J. S. Himes.  Conflict and Conflict Management , 1980 .

[39]  D. Kipnis,et al.  Intraorganizational Influence Tactics: Explorations in Getting One's Way , 1980 .

[40]  Richard W. Cheston,et al.  Conflict Resolution: What Works? , 1979 .

[41]  D. Holt.  Log-Linear Models for Contingency Table Analysis , 1979 .

[42]  Deborah Weider‐Hatfield,et al.  Assessing the Rahim Organizational Conflict Inventory-II (ROCI-II) , 1988 .

[43]  D. Kipnis,et al.  Situational influences on the use of power. , 1970 .

[44]  M. Cody,et al.  Situational Influences on the Selection of Strategies to Resist Compliance-Gaining Attempts. , 1980 .

[45]  J. Tedeschi,et al.  The effects of conflict intensity and promisor credibility on a target’s behavior , 1969 .

[46]  M. J. Noruésis,et al.  SPSS-X advanced statistics guide , 1985 .

[47]  Linda L. Putnam.  Communication and Interpersonal Conflict in Organizations , 1988 .

[48]  Robert A. Stewart,et al.  Compliance-Gaining and Power in Persuasion , 1983 .

[49]  David R. Seibold,et al.  Compliance‐gaining message strategies: A typology and some findings concerning effects of situational differences , 1977 .

[50]  Jacob Cohen.  Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences , 1969, The SAGE Encyclopedia of Research Design.

[51]  Mark L. Knapp,et al.  Measuring Interpersonal Conflict in Organizations: , 1988 .

[52]  Pamela S. Shockley-Zalabak.  Assessing the Hall Conflict Management Survey , 1988 .

[53]  Henry Mintzberg.  The Nature of Managerial Work , 1974, Operational Research Quarterly (1970-1977).

[54]  M. Rahim,et al.  A measure of styles of handling interpersonal conflict. , 1983, Academy of Management journal. Academy of Management.

[55]  Cynthia Berryman-Fink,et al.  The effects of sex of source and target on interpersonal conflict management styles , 1987 .

[56]  M. Swafford.  Three Parametric Techniques for Contingency Table Analysis: A Nontechnical Commentary , 1980 .

[57]  P. Holland,et al.  Discrete Multivariate Analysis. , 1976 .

[58]  M. London,et al.  The relationship between employee commitment and conflict resolution behavior , 1978 .