Defeasibility in Legal Reasoning

I shall first introduce the idea of reasoning, and of defeasible reasoning in particular. I shall then argue that cognitive agents need to engage in defeasible reasoning for coping with a complex and changing environment. Consequently, defeasibility is needed in practical reasoning, and in particular in legal reasoning.

[1]  Grigoris Antoniou,et al.  Nonmonotonic reasoning , 1997 .

[2]  Carlos E. Alchourrón,et al.  Hierarchies of Regulations and their Logic , 1981 .

[3]  John McCarthy,et al.  SOME PHILOSOPHICAL PROBLEMS FROM THE STANDPOINT OF ARTI CIAL INTELLIGENCE , 1987 .

[4]  J. Hage.  Reasoning with Rules: An Essay on Legal Reasoning and Its Underlying Logic , 1996 .

[5]  Guillermo Ricardo Simari,et al.  A Mathematical Treatment of Defeasible Reasoning and its Implementation , 1992, Artif. Intell..

[6]  W. D. Ross,et al.  The Right and the Good , 1930 .

[7]  O. Morgenthaler,et al.  Proceedings of the Conference , 1930 .

[8]  John McCarthy,et al.  Circumscription - A Form of Non-Monotonic Reasoning , 1980, Artif. Intell..

[9]  Douglas Walton,et al.  Argumentation methods for artificial intelligence in law , 2005 .

[10]  Peter Gärdenfors,et al.  Knowledge in Flux , 1988 .

[11]  R. Alexy.  A Theory of Legal Argumentation: The Theory of Rational Discourse as Theory of Legal Justification , 1989, The Cambridge Law Journal.

[12]  Ronald Dworkin,et al.  Taking Rights Seriously , 1977 .

[13]  Robert Alexy.  Theorie der juristischen Argumentation , 1991 .

[14]  Herbert W. Schneider,et al.  Foundations of Ethics , 2018 .

[15]  Gerhard Brewka,et al.  Nonmonotonic Reasoning: Logical Foundations of Commonsense By Gerhard Brewka (Cambridge University Press, 1991) , 1991, SGAR.

[16]  Giovanni Sartor.  A simple computational model for nonmonotonic and adversarial legal reasoning , 1993, ICAIL '93.

[17]  Peter Gärdenfors,et al.  On the logic of theory change: Partial meet contraction and revision functions , 1985, Journal of Symbolic Logic.

[18]  J. Pollock.  Cognitive Carpentry: A Blueprint for How to Build a Person , 1995 .

[19]  Matthew L. Ginsberg,et al.  Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning , 1987, AAAI 1987.

[20]  Henry Prakken,et al.  Argument-Based Extended Logic Programming with Defeasible Priorities , 1997, J. Appl. Non Class. Logics.

[21]  Raymond Reiter,et al.  On Interacting Defaults , 1981, IJCAI.

[22]  David Makinson,et al.  On the logic of theory change: Contraction functions and their associated revision functions , 2008 .

[23]  James P. Delgrande,et al.  An Approach to Default Reasoning Based on a First-Order Conditional Logic: Revised Report , 1987, Artif. Intell..

[24]  David Poole,et al.  A Logical Framework for Default Reasoning , 1988, Artif. Intell..

[25]  Trevor J. M. Bench-Capon,et al.  A method for the computational modelling of dialectical argument with dialogue games , 2000, Artificial Intelligence and Law.

[26]  Giovanni Sartor,et al.  The structure of norm conditions and nonmonotonic reasoning in law , 1991, ICAIL '91.

[27]  Henry Prakken,et al.  Formalising arguments about the burden of persuasion , 2007, ICAIL.

[28]  N. Nilsson,et al.  Readings in Artificial Intelligence , 1981 .

[29]  John L. Pollock,et al.  Perceiving and Reasoning about a Changing World , 1998, Comput. Intell..

[30]  Thomas F. Gordon.  Issue spotting in a system for searching interpretation spaces , 1989, ICAIL '89.

[31]  J. Raz,et al.  Legal Principles and the Limits of Law , 1972 .

[32]  S. Toulmin.  The uses of argument , 1960 .

[33]  H. Hart.  XI.—The Ascription of Responsibility and Rights , 1949 .

[34]  Giovanni Sartor,et al.  Normative conflicts in legal reasoning , 1992, Artificial Intelligence and Law.

[35]  Glenn Shafer,et al.  Readings in Uncertain Reasoning , 1990 .

[36]  Henry Prakken,et al.  Logical Tools for Modelling Legal Argument , 1997 .

[37]  Raymond Reiter,et al.  A Logic for Default Reasoning , 1987, Artif. Intell..

[38]  Robert C. Moore.  Semantical Considerations on Nonmonotonic Logic , 1985, IJCAI.

[39]  David Makinson,et al.  On the logic of theory change: Safe contraction , 1985, Stud Logica.