Evaluation of the Measuring Active Drag system usability: An important step for its integration into training sessions

This paper is the first stage of an iterative process aiming at the (re)design of a training device for swimming. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usability of the Measuring Active Drag (MAD) system, a technical device for biomechanical evaluation and performance analysis. To do so, this study examines real activity of elite swimmers using this system. It was conducted within an activity-centred approach: the course-of-action technological research programme. Three international male swimmers volunteered to participate in the study. Two types of data were collected: (a) video recordings, and (b) verbalisations during post-protocol interviews. The data were processed in two steps: (a) reconstructing each swimmer’s course of action, and (b) comparing these courses of action. The results are presented in two stages: (a) the concerns and modalities of using, and (b) use sensations. One of the most important results was that these components changed according to the swimmer’s speed when using the MAD system. The discussion is organized in two sections: (a) usability of the MAD system, and (b) design proposals to insert MAD system into training sessions.

[1]  Sharon Dixon,et al.  Influence of footwear and soil density on loading within the shoe and soil surface during running , 2008 .

[2]  Huub M Toussaint,et al.  The determination of drag in front crawl swimming. , 2004, Journal of biomechanics.

[3]  C. Sève,et al.  Team Coordination in Basketball: Description of the Cognitive Connections Among Teammates , 2010 .

[4]  Huub M Toussaint,et al.  Power requirements for swimming a world-record 50-m front crawl. , 2006, International journal of sports physiology and performance.

[5]  Jakob Nielsen,et al.  Assessing the usability of a user interface standard , 1991, CHI.

[6]  H M Toussaint,et al.  Effects of Specific High Resistance Training in the Water on Competitive Swimmers , 1990, International journal of sports medicine.

[7]  Jonathan Grudin,et al.  Utility and Usability: Research Issues and Development Contexts , 1992, Interact. Comput..

[8]  Sigmund Loland,et al.  Technology in sport: Three ideal-typical views and their implications , 2002, The Ethics of Sports Technologies and Human Enhancement.

[9]  Véronique De Keyser Work analysis in French language ergonomics: origins and current research trends , 1991 .

[10]  Marianella Chamorro-Koc,et al.  Human experience and product usability: principles to assist the design of user-product interactions. , 2008, Applied ergonomics.

[11]  Yvon Haradji,et al.  Évolution de notre pratique de conception (1985-2005). Modéliser pour mieux coopérer à partir des critères d’utilité, d’utilisabilité… , 2006 .

[12]  Ian M Franks,et al.  Advances in the application of information technology to sport performance , 2002, Journal of sports sciences.

[13]  Huub M. Toussaint,et al.  Applying technology to optimise training: A look in the (near?) future , 2008 .

[14]  C. Sève,et al.  Analysis of contextual information sharing during table tennis matches: An empirical study of coordination in sports , 2009 .

[15]  Geneviève Filippi,et al.  Analyzing Cooperative Work in a Urban Traffic Control Room for the Design of a Coordination Support System , 1993, ECSCW.

[16]  Helene Hembrooke,et al.  Activity-Centered Design: An Ecological Approach to Designing Smart Tools and Usable Systems , 2004 .

[17]  Thérèse Villame,et al.  Contribution of a 'comprehensive analysis' of human cognitive activity to the Advanced Driving Assistance devices design , 2001 .

[18]  Geneviève Filippi,et al.  Workplace Studies: Analysing cooperative work in an urban traffic control room for the design of a coordination support system , 2000 .

[19]  Germain Poizat,et al.  A Grounded Theory of Elite Male Table Tennis Players’ Activity during Matches , 2006 .

[20]  R Jones,et al.  Human perceptions of sports equipment under playing conditions , 2001, Journal of sports sciences.

[21]  Germain Poizat,et al.  Performance-induced emotions experienced during high-stakes table tennis matches. , 2007 .

[22]  R Fielding,et al.  Energy Expenditure During Front Crawl Swimming: Predicting Success in Middle-Distance Events , 1985, International journal of sports medicine.

[23]  C. C.N.R.S.U.T.,et al.  Cultural issues of nuclear power plant collective control in accidental situations and their impact upon design issues , 2002 .

[24]  Pascal Béguin,et al.  Taking activity into account during the design process , 2007 .

[25]  Mark Jermy,et al.  Translational and rotational aerodynamic drag of composite construction bicycle wheels , 2008 .

[26]  J. Saury,et al.  Coach-Athlete Interaction during Elite Archery Competitions: An Application of Methodological Frameworks Used in Ergonomics Research to Sport Psychology , 2001 .

[27]  Jakob Nielsen,et al.  Usability engineering , 1997, The Computer Science and Engineering Handbook.

[28]  Steve Rothberg,et al.  Measurement of contact time in short duration sports ball impacts: an experimental method and correlation with the perceptions of elite golfers , 2001 .

[29]  Wolmet Barendregt,et al.  Identifying usability and fun problems in a computer game during first use and after some practice , 2006, Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud..

[30]  Tracy Brown,et al.  The Embodied Mind: Cognitive Science and Human Experience , 2002, Cybern. Hum. Knowing.

[31]  Donald A. Norman,et al.  Logic versus usage: the case for activity-centered design , 2006, INTR.

[32]  François Daniellou,et al.  The French-speaking ergonomists' approach to work activity: cross-influences of field intervention and conceptual models , 2005 .

[33]  유창조 Naturalistic Inquiry , 2022, The SAGE Encyclopedia of Research Design.

[34]  Françoise Darses,et al.  How do designers represent to themselves the users' needs? , 2006, Applied ergonomics.