The CSC proteins FAP61 and FAP251 build the basal substructures of radial spoke 3 in cilia

Motile cilia have nine doublet microtubules, with hundreds of associated proteins that repeat in modules. Each module contains three radial spokes, which differ in their architecture, protein composition, and function. The conserved proteins FAP61 and FAP251 are crucial for the assembly and stable docking of RS3 and cilia motility.

[1]  M. Yao,et al.  Isolation of micro- and macronuclei of Tetrahymena pyriformis. , 1975, Methods in cell biology.

[2]  E. Orias,et al.  Dual capacity for nutrient uptake in Tetrahymena. IV. Growth without food vacuoles and its implications. , 1976, Experimental cell research.

[3]  G. Piperno,et al.  Two-dimensional analysis of flagellar proteins from wild-type and paralyzed mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. , 1977, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[4]  M. Schliwa,et al.  Structural interaction of cytoskeletal components , 1981, The Journal of cell biology.

[5]  G. Piperno,et al.  Radial spokes of Chlamydomonas flagella: polypeptide composition and phosphorylation of stalk components , 1981, The Journal of cell biology.

[6]  D. Nelson,et al.  Injected cyclic AMP increases ciliary beat frequency in conjunction with membrane hyperpolarization. , 1985, European journal of cell biology.

[7]  U. Goodenough,et al.  Substructure of inner dynein arms, radial spokes, and the central pair/projection complex of cilia and flagella , 1985, The Journal of cell biology.

[8]  C. Brokaw,et al.  Bending patterns of Chlamydomonas flagella: IV. Mutants with defects in inner and outer dynein arms indicate differences in dynein arm function. , 1987, Cell motility and the cytoskeleton.

[9]  T. Thatcher,et al.  Electroporation-mediated replacement of a positively and negatively selectable beta-tubulin gene in Tetrahymena thermophila. , 1994, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[10]  R. Boucher,et al.  Role of CNP in human airways: cGMP-mediated stimulation of ciliary beat frequency. , 1995, The American journal of physiology.

[11]  Manolo Gouy,et al.  SEAVIEW and PHYLO_WIN: two graphic tools for sequence alignment and molecular phylogeny , 1996, Comput. Appl. Biosci..

[12]  J R Kremer,et al.  Computer visualization of three-dimensional image data using IMOD. , 1996, Journal of structural biology.

[13]  A. Shevchenko,et al.  Mass spectrometric sequencing of proteins silver-stained polyacrylamide gels. , 1996, Analytical chemistry.

[14]  P. Bruns,et al.  Germline and somatic transformation of mating Tetrahymena thermophila by particle bombardment. , 1997, Genetics.

[15]  J. Thompson,et al.  Multiple sequence alignment with Clustal X. , 1998, Trends in biochemical sciences.

[16]  T. Wyatt,et al.  Regulation of ciliary beat frequency by both PKA and PKG in bovine airway epithelial cells. , 1998, The American journal of physiology.

[17]  T. Torphy Phosphodiesterase isozymes: molecular targets for novel antiasthma agents. , 1998, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[18]  Jason M. Brown,et al.  ROTOKINESIS, A NOVEL PHENOMENON OF CELL LOCOMOTION‐ASSISTED CYTOKINESIS IN THE CILIATE TETRAHYMENA THERMOPHILA , 1999, Cell biology international.

[19]  K. Nakamura,et al.  Adenylate kinase is tightly bound to axonemes of Tetrahymena cilia. , 1999, Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & molecular biology.

[20]  T. Yagi ADP-dependent microtubule translocation by flagellar inner-arm dyneins. , 2000, Cell structure and function.

[21]  M. Noguchi,et al.  ATP-regenerating system in the cilia of Paramecium caudatum. , 2001, Journal of Experimental Biology.

[22]  S. Angus,et al.  Targeted gene knockout of inner arm 1 in Tetrahymena thermophila. , 2001, European journal of cell biology.

[23]  W. Sale,et al.  Flagellar Radial Spoke Protein 3 Is an a-Kinase Anchoring Protein (Akap) , 2001, The Journal of cell biology.

[24]  W. Sale,et al.  Localization of Calmodulin and Dynein Light Chain Lc8 in Flagellar Radial Spokes , 2001, The Journal of cell biology.

[25]  R. Roberts,et al.  Human Genome and Diseases:¶WD-repeat proteins: structure characteristics, biological function, and their involvement in human diseases , 2001, Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences CMLS.

[26]  R. Kamiya Functional diversity of axonemal dyneins as studied in Chlamydomonas mutants. , 2002, International review of cytology.

[27]  Jason M. Brown,et al.  Hypoxia regulates assembly of cilia in suppressors of Tetrahymena lacking an intraflagellar transport subunit gene. , 2003, Molecular biology of the cell.

[28]  M. Porter,et al.  A subunit of the dynein regulatory complex in Chlamydomonas is a homologue of a growth arrest–specific gene product , 2003, The Journal of cell biology.

[29]  A. Terzic,et al.  Phosphotransfer networks and cellular energetics , 2003, Journal of Experimental Biology.

[30]  G. Pazour,et al.  Oda5p, a novel axonemal protein required for assembly of the outer dynein arm and an associated adenylate kinase. , 2004, Molecular biology of the cell.

[31]  Conrad C. Huang,et al.  UCSF Chimera—A visualization system for exploratory research and analysis , 2004, J. Comput. Chem..

[32]  D. Mitchell,et al.  Cpc1, a Chlamydomonas central pair protein with an adenylate kinase domain , 2004, Journal of Cell Science.

[33]  Pinfen Yang,et al.  The radial spokes and central apparatus: mechano-chemical transducers that regulate flagellar motility. , 2004, Cell motility and the cytoskeleton.

[34]  David N Mastronarde,et al.  Automated electron microscope tomography using robust prediction of specimen movements. , 2005, Journal of structural biology.

[35]  J. McIntosh,et al.  The Molecular Architecture of Axonemes Revealed by Cryoelectron Tomography , 2006, Science.

[36]  G. Manning,et al.  Members of the NIMA-related kinase family promote disassembly of cilia by multiple mechanisms. , 2006, Molecular biology of the cell.

[37]  William H. Majoros,et al.  Macronuclear Genome Sequence of the Ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila, a Model Eukaryote , 2006, PLoS biology.

[38]  G. Pazour,et al.  Radial spoke proteins of Chlamydomonas flagella , 2006, Journal of Cell Science.

[39]  E. Dymek,et al.  A conserved CaM- and radial spoke–associated complex mediates regulation of flagellar dynein activity , 2007, The Journal of cell biology.

[40]  Y. Inoue,et al.  The roles of noncatalytic ATP binding and ADP binding in the regulation of dynein motile activity in flagella. , 2007, Cell motility and the cytoskeleton.

[41]  B. Wickstead,et al.  Dyneins Across Eukaryotes: A Comparative Genomic Analysis , 2007, Traffic.

[42]  M. Gorovsky,et al.  Glutamylation on α-Tubulin Is Not Essential but Affects the Assembly and Functions of a Subset of Microtubules in Tetrahymena thermophila , 2008, Eukaryotic Cell.

[43]  Kazufumi Mochizuki High efficiency transformation of Tetrahymena using a codon-optimized neomycin resistance gene. , 2008, Gene.

[44]  M. Gorovsky,et al.  Different effects of Tetrahymena IFT172 domains on anterograde and retrograde intraflagellar transport. , 2008, Molecular biology of the cell.

[45]  D. Mitchell,et al.  Twenty-five dyneins in Tetrahymena: A re-examination of the multidynein hypothesis. , 2008, Cell motility and the cytoskeleton.

[46]  T. Wyatt,et al.  Mutation of murine adenylate kinase 7 underlies a primary ciliary dyskinesia phenotype. , 2009, American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology.

[47]  D. Nicastro,et al.  The dynein regulatory complex is the nexin link and a major regulatory node in cilia and flagella , 2009, The Journal of cell biology.

[48]  J. Gaertig,et al.  Manipulating ciliary protein-encoding genes in Tetrahymena thermophila. , 2009, Methods in cell biology.

[49]  D. Nicastro,et al.  The CSC is required for complete radial spoke assembly and wild-type ciliary motility , 2011, Molecular biology of the cell.

[50]  D. Nicastro,et al.  Cryo-electron tomography reveals conserved features of doublet microtubules in flagella , 2011, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[51]  Deborah A. Cochran,et al.  Regulation of flagellar motility by the conserved flagellar protein CG34110/Ccdc135/FAP50 , 2011, Molecular biology of the cell.

[52]  John M Heumann,et al.  Clustering and variance maps for cryo-electron tomography using wedge-masked differences. , 2011, Journal of structural biology.

[53]  K. Bui,et al.  Cryoelectron tomography of radial spokes in cilia and flagella , 2011, The Journal of cell biology.

[54]  D. Nicastro,et al.  Building Blocks of the Nexin-Dynein Regulatory Complex in Chlamydomonas Flagella* , 2011, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[55]  Kevin W Eliceiri,et al.  NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis , 2012, Nature Methods.

[56]  K. Bui,et al.  Polarity and asymmetry in the arrangement of dynein and related structures in the Chlamydomonas axoneme , 2012, Journal of Cell Biology.

[57]  D. Nicastro,et al.  The structural heterogeneity of radial spokes in cilia and flagella is conserved , 2012, Cytoskeleton.

[58]  D. Nicastro,et al.  The CSC connects three major axonemal complexes involved in dynein regulation , 2012, Molecular biology of the cell.

[59]  M. Armengot,et al.  New Adenylate Kinase 7 (AK7) Mutation in Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia , 2012, American journal of rhinology & allergy.

[60]  D. Nicastro,et al.  Three-dimensional structure of the radial spokes reveals heterogeneity and interactions with dyneins in Chlamydomonas flagella , 2012, Molecular biology of the cell.

[61]  D. Nicastro,et al.  Conserved structural motifs in the central pair complex of eukaryotic flagella , 2013, Cytoskeleton.

[62]  W. Sale,et al.  The N-DRC forms a conserved biochemical complex that maintains outer doublet alignment and limits microtubule sliding in motile axonemes , 2013, Molecular biology of the cell.

[63]  F. Jiang,et al.  A Method for WD40 Repeat Detection and Secondary Structure Prediction , 2013, PloS one.

[64]  W. Sale,et al.  The MIA complex is a conserved and novel dynein regulator essential for normal ciliary motility , 2013, The Journal of cell biology.

[65]  S. Brody,et al.  Picking up speed: advances in the genetics of primary ciliary dyskinesia , 2013, Pediatric Research.

[66]  A. Karlsson,et al.  The many isoforms of human adenylate kinases. , 2014, The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology.

[67]  M. Kikkawa,et al.  Mechanosignaling between central apparatus and radial spokes controls axonemal dynein activity , 2014, Journal of Cell Biology.

[68]  W. Sale,et al.  FAP206 is a microtubule-docking adapter for ciliary radial spoke 2 and dynein c , 2015, Molecular biology of the cell.

[69]  Yang Wang,et al.  WDSPdb: a database for WD40-repeat proteins , 2014, Nucleic Acids Res..

[70]  A. Yildiz,et al.  THE AAA3 DOMAIN OF CYTOPLASMIC DYNEIN ACTS AS A SWITCH TO FACILITATE MICROTUBULE RELEASE , 2014, Nature Structural &Molecular Biology.