An adaptive power controlled routing protocol for underwater sensor network

Geo-routing protocols can provide the scalability, robustness, lower overhead and energy efficiency requirements for underwater sensor networks UWSNs. However, these protocols require localisation service, which is another challenging problem. In this paper, we introduce a novel energy efficient schema that does not need location information. In this schema, nodes assign themselves to concentric layers around sink nodes and routing paths are determined on the fly based on nodes' layers and residual energy information. Nodes can adaptively adjust their transmission power level to cater for network mobility and residual energy constraints. Extensive simulation results show that our routing protocol achieves high delivery ratio and low energy consumption while reducing end to end delay when compared with other routing strategies. In particular, our schema can guarantee a relatively higher delivery ratio in presence of mobility.

[1]  Michael Zuba,et al.  An efficient geo-routing aware MAC protocol for underwater acoustic networks , 2011, EAI Endorsed Trans. Mob. Commun. Appl..

[2]  Jun-Hong Cui,et al.  DBR: Depth-Based Routing for Underwater Sensor Networks , 2008, Networking.

[3]  Willis F. Kern,et al.  Solid mensuration : with proofs , 1938 .

[4]  Sanguthevar Rajasekaran,et al.  PADP: Prediction assisted dynamic surface gateway placement for mobile underwater networks , 2012, 2012 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC).

[5]  Michele Zorzi,et al.  Modeling the underwater acoustic channel in ns2 , 2007, Valuetools 2007.

[6]  Michele Zorzi,et al.  On the Design of Energy-efficient Routing Protocols in Underwater Networks , 2007, 2007 4th Annual IEEE Communications Society Conference on Sensor, Mesh and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks.

[7]  Shengli Zhou,et al.  Aqua-Sim: An NS-2 based simulator for underwater sensor networks , 2009, OCEANS 2009.

[8]  Milica Stojanovic,et al.  On the Relationship between Transmission Power and Capacity of an Underwater Acoustic Communication Channel , 2008, OCEANS 2008 - MTS/IEEE Kobe Techno-Ocean.

[9]  M. Stojanovic,et al.  Underwater acoustic networks , 2000, IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering.

[10]  Milica Stojanovic,et al.  On the relationship between capacity and distance in an underwater acoustic communication channel , 2006, Underwater Networks.

[11]  Peng Xie,et al.  VBF: Vector-Based Forwarding Protocol for Underwater Sensor Networks , 2006, Networking.

[12]  Uday B. Desai,et al.  Path unaware layered routing protocol (PULRP) with non-uniform node distribution for underwater sensor networks , 2008 .

[13]  Milica Stojanovic,et al.  Shallow water acoustic networks , 2001, IEEE Commun. Mag..

[14]  Milica Stojanovic,et al.  On Joint Frequency and Power Allocation in a Cross-Layer Protocol for Underwater Acoustic Networks , 2010 .

[15]  Milica Stojanovic,et al.  Shallow-Water Acoustic Networks† , 2003 .

[16]  Yuan Li,et al.  Research challenges and applications for underwater sensor networking , 2006, IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, 2006. WCNC 2006..

[17]  Milica Stojanovic,et al.  Focused beam routing protocol for underwater acoustic networks , 2008, Underwater Networks.

[18]  Jiejun Kong,et al.  The challenges of building mobile underwater wireless networks for aquatic applications , 2006, IEEE Network.

[19]  Li De-shi.  A Routing Protocol Based on Underwater Acoustic Channel , 2009 .

[20]  Dario Pompili,et al.  Challenges for efficient communication in underwater acoustic sensor networks , 2004, SIGBED.

[21]  Urbashi Mitra,et al.  Analysis of a Linear Multihop Underwater Acoustic Network , 2010, IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering.

[22]  Dario Pompili,et al.  Underwater acoustic sensor networks: research challenges , 2005, Ad Hoc Networks.

[23]  S. Singh,et al.  The WHOI micro-modem: an acoustic communications and navigation system for multiple platforms , 2005, Proceedings of OCEANS 2005 MTS/IEEE.