On the role of prosumers owning rooftop solar photovoltaic in reducing the impact on transformer’s aging due to plug-in electric vehicles charging

Abstract This paper investigates the synergetic effect of rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) generation owned by residential prosumers (power producers and consumers) on reducing the distribution substation transformer’s aging caused by charging plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs). Unlike previous work considering surveys based on internal combustion engine-based vehicle data (e.g., National Household Travel Survey (NHTS)) are used in estimating the charging demand of PEVs, this work considers actual PEVs charging data based on the 2015 Canadian Plug-in Electric Vehicle Survey (CPEVS). This work further quantifies the resultant aging seen on substation transformers when internal combustion engine-based National Household Travel Survey data as compared to plug-in electric vehicle driving data from the Canadian Plug-in Electric Vehicle Survey. Moreover, a comparison of the substation transformer aging is performed based on varying plug-in electric vehicle charging levels. Results of the scenarios have shown substation transformer loss of life is found to be at least 30% higher when vehicle data is based on plug-in electric vehicle studies versus conventional internal combustion engine vehicles with 0% PV penetration, up to twice as high at 100% PV penetration. Further studies have shown grouped plug-in electric vehicle charging using 3.3 kW at 7 pm results in twice the transformer aging seen versus plug-in electric vehicles charging beginning upon returning home. Finally, results have shown that the effect of rooftop solar PV owned by residential prosumers was found to reduce substation transformer loss-of-life by 75% in the case of 3.3 kW plug-in electric vehicle charging when 100% PV penetration was added to the system. Such reduction is due to a decrease in transformer’s winding hot-spot temperature caused by PV generation despite the non-coincidence between the peak charging demand of plug-in electric vehicles and the peak power generation from rooftop solar photovoltaic.

[1]  Syed Islam,et al.  Impact of PEV charging and rooftop PV penetration on distribution transformer life , 2013, 2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting.

[2]  Walid G. Morsi,et al.  Power Quality Assessment in Distribution Systems Embedded With Plug-In Hybrid and Battery Electric Vehicles , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[3]  Giorgio Rizzoni,et al.  Study of PEV Charging on Residential Distribution Transformer Life , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[4]  J. W. Smith,et al.  Distribution modeling and analysis of high penetration PV , 2011, 2011 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting.

[5]  Mohammad Valipour,et al.  Simulation of open- and closed-end border irrigation systems using SIRMOD , 2015 .

[6]  Magdy M. A. Salama,et al.  A Comprehensive Study of the Impacts of PHEVs on Residential Distribution Networks , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy.

[7]  Yasser Assolami,et al.  Impact of second generation plug-in battery electric vehicles on the aging of distribution transformers considering TOU prices , 2016, 2016 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM).

[8]  Liam Kelly.  Probabilistic modelling of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle impacts on distribution networks in British Columbia , 2009 .

[9]  William Kersting,et al.  Distribution System Modeling and Analysis , 2001, Electric Power Generation, Transmission, and Distribution: The Electric Power Engineering Handbook.

[10]  Robert C. Green,et al.  The impact of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles on distribution networks: a review and outlook , 2010, IEEE PES General Meeting.

[11]  Kan Zhou,et al.  Randomized PHEV Charging Under Distribution Grid Constraints , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[12]  H. Bailey,et al.  The Canadian Plug-in Electric Vehicle Survey (CPEVS 2013): Anticipating Purchase, Use, and Grid Interactions in British Columbia , 2013 .

[13]  Magdy M. A. Salama,et al.  Studying the feasibility of charging plug-in hybrid electric vehicles using photovoltaic electricity in residential distribution systems , 2014 .

[14]  Alexis Kwasinski,et al.  Consumer-data approach to assess the effect of residential grid-tied photovoltaic systems and electric vehicles on distribution transformers , 2014, 2014 IEEE 5th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems (PEDG).

[15]  Jia Wang,et al.  Adaptive Electric Vehicle Charging Coordination on Distribution Network , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[16]  Seddik Bacha,et al.  Rule-Based Charging of Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs): Impacts on the Aging Rate of Low-Voltage Transformers , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[17]  Marija D. Ilic,et al.  Network Impacts and Cost Savings of Controlled EV Charging , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[18]  Chan-Nan Lu,et al.  Stochastic Analyses of Electric Vehicle Charging Impacts on Distribution Network , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[19]  M. Valipour,et al.  Comparison of the ARMA, ARIMA, and the autoregressive artificial neural network models in forecasting the monthly inflow of Dez dam reservoir , 2013 .

[20]  Mohammad Shahidehpour,et al.  The IEEE Reliability Test System-1996. A report prepared by the Reliability Test System Task Force of the Application of Probability Methods Subcommittee , 1999 .

[21]  Walid G. Morsi,et al.  Probabilistic Impact of Transportation Electrification on the Loss-of-Life of Distribution Transformers in the Presence of Rooftop Solar Photovoltaic , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy.

[22]  M. Valipour.  Optimization of neural networks for precipitation analysis in a humid region to detect drought and wet year alarms , 2016 .

[23]  Giorgio Rizzoni,et al.  PEV Charging Control Considering Transformer Life and Experimental Validation of a 25 kVA Distribution Transformer , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[24]  M. Hadi Amini,et al.  Allocation of electric vehicles' parking lots in distribution network , 2014, ISGT 2014.

[25]  Mohammad Valipour,et al.  Sprinkle and Trickle Irrigation System Design Using Tapered Pipes for Pressure Loss Adjusting , 2012 .

[26]  Ezatollah Farshadfar,et al.  Estimation of Combining Ability and Gene Action for Improvement Drought Tolerance in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Using GGE Biplot Techniques , 2012 .

[27]  S. Bacha,et al.  Low-Voltage Transformer Loss-of-Life Assessments for a High Penetration of Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[28]  Wilsun Xu,et al.  Method to Assess the Power-Quality Impact of Plug-in Electric Vehicles , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[29]  Mohammad Ali Gholami Sefidkouhi,et al.  Surface irrigation simulation models: a review , 2015 .