Polarization-independent beam splitting by a photonic crystal right prism

Splitting of light waves by a two-dimensional photonic crystal associated with source size and dispersion relation of photonic crystal at a wavelength of 1,550 nm without disturbing periodicity is numerically demonstrated via finite-difference time-domain simulations. Split branches in either polarization state make plus or minus 45° with the [11] direction and propagate in a self-collimated manner with equal amplitude and phase. Sixty-four percent of total transmittance is attained provided that the waves are coupled and collected through appropriate planar waveguides. Alternatively, approximately 50 % total transmittance for both polarizations can be obtained by application of an anti-reflection coating layer at the input face. Polarization-independent beam splitting occurs in a narrow range around the target wavelength, while its transverse-magnetically polarized sub-harmonic can also be split. The photonic crystal can also operate as a polarizing splitter at oblique incidence.

[1]  T. Baba,et al.  Analysis of finite 2D photonic crystals of columns and lightwave devices using the scattering matrix method , 1999 .

[2]  Audrey Berrier,et al.  Long-range surface plasmon polaritons at THz frequences in thin semiconductor layers , 2011 .

[3]  Chunyin Qiu,et al.  Applications of antireflection coatings in sonic crystal-based acoustic devices , 2011 .

[4]  Sun-Goo Lee,et al.  Reflection minimization at two-dimensional photonic crystal interfaces. , 2008, Optics express.

[5]  Insu Park,et al.  Photonic crystal power-splitter based on directional coupling. , 2004, Optics express.

[6]  Deyin Zhao,et al.  Photonic crystal Mach-Zehnder interferometer based on self-collimation , 2007 .

[7]  Jian-Wen Dong,et al.  Directional emitter and beam splitter based on self-collimation effect , 2007 .

[8]  Ekmel Ozbay,et al.  Photonic-crystal-based beam splitters , 2000 .

[9]  Xu Ni,et al.  Tunable unidirectional sound propagation through a sonic-crystal-based acoustic diode. , 2011, Physical review letters.

[10]  Xiangfeng Meng,et al.  MULTI-REFRACTION WITH SAME POLARIZATION STATE IN TWO DIMENSIONAL TRIANGULAR PHOTONIC CRYSTALS , 2012 .

[11]  W. Xue,et al.  Effect of source parameters on beam self-collimation in 2D photonic crystal , 2007, 2007 Asia Optical Fiber Communication and Optoelectronics Conference.

[12]  V Zabelin,et al.  Self-collimating photonic crystal polarization beam splitter. , 2007, Optics letters.

[13]  Thomas Søndergaard,et al.  Energy flow in photonic crystal waveguides , 2000 .

[14]  Myung-Hyun Lee,et al.  Self-collimating photonic crystal antireflection structure for both TE and TM polarizations , 2010, 10th IEEE International Conference on Nanotechnology.

[15]  Qi Guo,et al.  The all-angle self-collimating phenomenon in photonic crystals with rectangular symmetry , 2008 .

[16]  H. Kurt,et al.  Modified annular photonic crystals with enhanced dispersion relations: polarization insensitive self-collimation and nanophotonic wire waveguide designs , 2012 .

[17]  Acoustic beam splitting in a sonic crystal around a directional band gap , 2013 .

[18]  Richard W. Ziolkowski,et al.  FDTD analysis of PBG waveguides, power splitters and switches , 1999 .

[19]  G. Dong,et al.  Dual-negative refraction in photonic crystals with hexagonal lattices. , 2011, Optics express.

[20]  Dennis W. Prather,et al.  Self-collimation in photonic crystal structures: a new paradigm for applications and device development , 2007 .

[21]  Shanhui Fan,et al.  Bends and splitters for self-collimated beams in photonic crystals , 2003 .

[22]  Chan,et al.  Existence of a photonic gap in periodic dielectric structures. , 1990, Physical review letters.

[23]  K. Yee.  Numerical solution of initial boundary value problems involving maxwell's equations in isotropic media , 1966 .

[24]  T Yamashita,et al.  Polarization beam splitter based on a photonic crystal heterostructure. , 2006, Optics letters.

[25]  A. Kim,et al.  Control of self-collimated Bloch waves by partially flat equifrequency contours in photonic crystals , 2006 .

[26]  H. Kurt,et al.  Crescent shaped dielectric periodic structure for light manipulation. , 2012, Optics express.

[27]  Multiple beam splitting to free space from a V groove in a photonic crystal waveguide , 2011 .

[28]  Yuefeng Ji,et al.  High-bandwidth and low-loss photonic crystal power-splitter with parallel output based on the integration of Y-junction and waveguide bends , 2012 .

[29]  N. Tamchek,et al.  Efficient, Wide Angle, Structure Tuned 1$\,\times\,$3 Photonic Crystal Power Splitter at 1550 nm for Triple Play Applications , 2012, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[30]  R. Courant,et al.  On the Partial Difference Equations, of Mathematical Physics , 2015 .

[31]  Yuri S. Kivshar,et al.  Self-collimation and beam splitting in low-index photonic crystals , 2007 .

[32]  A. Matthews.  Experimental demonstration of self-collimation beaming and splitting in photonic crystals at microwave frequencies , 2008, 0809.0167.

[33]  Jean-Pierre Berenger,et al.  A perfectly matched layer for the absorption of electromagnetic waves , 1994 .

[34]  Teun-Teun Kim,et al.  Experimental demonstration of reflection minimization at two-dimensional photonic crystal interfaces via antireflection structures , 2009 .

[35]  Positive-negative birefraction phenomenon for TM polarization in annular photonic crystal , 2011 .