Making Music Together: An Exploration of Amateur and Pro-Am Grime Music Production

This novel research presents the results of an ethnographic study, which focused upon the production of an EP created by an amateur and a pro-amateur producer. The research presents their production practices across the production workflow, from inception and ideation through to completion. The paper describes the distinct processes that occur when collaborating on the production of the EP. The exploration here discusses the use of software systems to facilitate production of a series of music tracks. We further explicate the use of technologies in the production settings, and these range from mobile devices (smartphones) through to digital audio workstations. Further to this, we start to map out how the technology used affords and supports collaboration and communication across a distributed context. We respond to our findings by presenting a series of design implications that address the research.

[1]  Tim Coughlan,et al.  Interaction in creative tasks: ideation, representation and evaluation in composition , 2006 .

[2]  Ben Shneiderman,et al.  Creativity Support Tools: Report From a U.S. National Science Foundation Sponsored Workshop , 2006, Int. J. Hum. Comput. Interact..

[3]  Peter Tolmie,et al.  Doing Design Ethnography , 2012, Human–Computer Interaction Series.

[4]  Steve Benford,et al.  Designing for Exploratory Play with a Hackable Digital Musical Instrument , 2016, Conference on Designing Interactive Systems.

[5]  Harry F. Wolcott Ethnography: A Way of Seeing , 1999 .

[6]  Brian J. Hracs A creative industry in transition: the rise of digitally driven independent music production , 2012 .

[7]  David Beer Making Friends with Jarvis Cocker: Music Culture in the Context of Web 2.0 , 2008 .

[8]  Marcelo Soares Pimenta,et al.  Interfaces for musical activities and interfaces for musicians are not the same: the case for codes, a web-based environment for cooperative music prototyping , 2007, ICMI '07.

[9]  H. Garfinkel Studies in Ethnomethodology , 1968 .

[10]  Thomas T. Hewett,et al.  Informing the design of computer-based environments to support creativity , 2005, Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud..

[11]  Jonathan Grudin,et al.  Ethnography and design , 1994, Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW).

[12]  Amílcar Cardoso,et al.  A musical system for emotional expression , 2010, Knowl. Based Syst..

[13]  Peter Tolmie,et al.  Design Ethnography in a Nutshell , 2012 .

[14]  Steve Benford,et al.  Coming in from the margins: amateur musicians in the online age , 2014, CHI.

[15]  Wolfgang Nejdl,et al.  Improving music genre classification using collaborative tagging data , 2009, WSDM '09.

[16]  Anastasia Bezerianos,et al.  Hard-to-use interfaces considered beneficial (some of the time) , 2010, CHI Extended Abstracts.

[17]  Steve Benford,et al.  Understanding social media and sound: music, meaning and membership, the case of SoundCloud , 2015 .

[18]  Ian Alexander GORE, SORE, or What? , 2011, IEEE Software.

[19]  Harvey Sacks,et al.  Lectures on Conversation: Sacks/Lectures on Conversation , 1995 .

[20]  Andy Crabtree,et al.  Searching for music: understanding the discovery, acquisition, processing and organization of music in a domestic setting for design , 2016, Personal and Ubiquitous Computing.

[21]  Teemu Malmi Key Concepts in Ethnography , 2011 .

[22]  Tom Rodden,et al.  Ethnography considered harmful , 2009, CHI.

[23]  Steve Benford,et al.  Digging in the crates: an ethnographic study of DJS' work , 2012, CHI.

[24]  Steve Benford,et al.  Doing it for themselves: the practices of amateur musicians and DIY music networks in a digital age , 2014 .

[25]  John L. Jackson ETHNOGRAPHY IS, ETHNOGRAPHY AIN’T , 2012 .

[26]  Synthia Sydnor Ethnography to be , 2017 .

[27]  Steve Benford,et al.  Accountable Artefacts: The Case of the Carolan Guitar , 2016, CHI.

[28]  Nm Breeze,et al.  Music and eJay: An opportunity for creative collaborations in the classroom , 2008 .

[29]  Sidney S. Fels,et al.  Designing for intimacy: creating new interfaces for musical expression , 2004, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[30]  Bill Crow,et al.  Musical creativity and the new technology , 2006 .

[31]  Dubravka Cecez-Kecmanovic,et al.  Doing critical information systems research – arguments for a critical research methodology , 2011, Eur. J. Inf. Syst..

[32]  Peter Johnson,et al.  Interaction in creative tasks , 2006, CHI.