Fermi arc reconstruction in synthetic photonic lattice

The chiral surface states of Weyl semimetals are known for having an open Fermi surface called Fermi arc. At the interface between two Weyl semimetals, these Fermi arcs are predicted to poten-tially deform into unique interface states. In this letter, we numerically study a one-dimensional (1D) dielectric trilayer grating where the relative displacements between adjacent layers play the role of two synthetic momenta. The lattice is described by an effective Hamiltonian whose spectral properties coincide closely with rigorous electromagnetic simulations. Our trilayer system is a simple but versatile platform that emulates 3D crystals without time-reversal symmetry, including Weyl semimetal, nodal line semimetal, and 3D Chern insulator. It allows us to not only observe phenomena such as the phase transition between Weyl semimetal and Chern insulator but also confirm the Fermi arc reconstruction between two Weyl semimetals.

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