Proximate analysis, backwards stepwise regression between gross calorific value, ultimate and chemical analysis of wood.

The gross calorific value (GCV), proximate, ultimate and chemical analysis of debark wood in Portugal were studied, for future utilization in wood pellets industry and the results compared with CEN/TS 14961. The relationship between GCV, ultimate and chemical analysis were determined by multiple regression stepwise backward. The treatment between hardwoods-softwoods did not result in significant statistical differences for proximate, ultimate and chemical analysis. Significant statistical differences were found in carbon for National (hardwoods-softwoods) and (National-tropical) hardwoods in volatile matter, fixed carbon, carbon and oxygen and also for chemical analysis in National (hardwoods-softwoods) for F and (National-tropical) hardwoods for Br. GCV was highly positively related to C (0.79 * * *) and negatively to O (-0.71 * * *). The final independent variables of the model were (C, O, S, Zn, Ni, Br) with R(2)=0.86; F=27.68 * * *. The hydrogen did not contribute statistically to the energy content.

[1]  I. Raskin,et al.  Bioconcentration of heavy metals by plants , 1994 .

[2]  Ilya Raskin,et al.  Phytoremediation: A Novel Strategy for the Removal of Toxic Metals from the Environment Using Plants , 1995, Bio/Technology.

[3]  M. Greger,et al.  Interclonal variation of heavy metal interactions in Salix viminalis , 2002, Environmental toxicology and chemistry.

[4]  André Faaij,et al.  CHARACTERISTICS AND AVAILABILITY OF BIOMASS WASTE AND RESIDUES IN THE NETHERLANDS FOR GASIFICATION , 1997 .

[5]  D. Salt,et al.  Phytoremediation: A Plant—Microbe-Based Remediation System , 1999 .

[6]  Hartmut Spliethoff,et al.  Combustion and Co-combustion of Biomass in a 1 MWthFluidized Bed Boiler , 2005 .

[7]  Anders Nordin,et al.  Chemical elemental characteristics of biomass fuels , 1994 .

[8]  J. Koppejan,et al.  The Handbook of Biomass Combustion and Co-firing , 2008 .

[9]  A. S. Mofa.  PLANTS PROVING THEIR WORTH IN TOXIC METAL CLEANUP , 1995 .

[10]  Scott D. Cunningham,et al.  Phytoremediation of contaminated soils , 1995 .

[11]  S. D. Cunningham,et al.  Promises and Prospects of Phytoremediation , 1996, Plant physiology.

[12]  I. Pulford,et al.  Heavy Metal Uptake by Willow Clones from Sewage Sludge-Treated Soil: The Potential for Phytoremediation , 2002 .

[13]  I. Obernberger,et al.  Formation, Composition and Particle Size Distribution of Fly Ashes from Biomass Combustion Plants , 1999 .

[14]  Jjh Bert Brouwers,et al.  Efficient and Economic Dust Separation from Flue Gas by the Rotational Particle Separator as an Innovative Technology for Biomass Combustion and Gasification Plants , 1998 .

[15]  R. Chaney,et al.  Potential use of metal hyperaccumulators , 1996 .

[16]  I. Raskin,et al.  Plant genetic engineering may help with environmental cleanup. , 1996, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[17]  M. Weih,et al.  Characterising willows for biomass and phytoremediation: growth, nitrogen and water use of 14 willow clones under different irrigation and fertilisation regimes , 2002 .

[18]  FRACTIONATED HEAVY METAL SEPARATION AND ASH UTILIZATION IN BIOMASS COMBUSTION AND GASIFICATION PLANTS , 1998 .

[19]  David C. Wilson,et al.  The efficiency of resource recovery from solid waste , 1979 .

[20]  H. H. Lowry.  Chemistry of coal utilization , 1963 .

[21]  Ingwald Obernberger,et al.  Determination of major and minor ash-forming elements in solid biofuels , 2006 .

[22]  T. Volk,et al.  Biomass and nutrient removal by willow clones in experimental bioenergy plantations in New York State , 2001 .

[23]  Eva Stoltz,et al.  Accumulation properties of As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn by four wetland plant species growing on submerged mine tailings , 2002 .

[24]  K. Varmuza,et al.  Prediction of heating values of biomass fuel from elemental composition , 2005 .

[25]  K. Salmenoja,et al.  Chlorine-induced superheater corrosion in boilers fired with biofuels , 2000 .

[26]  B. Leckner,et al.  Gaseous emissions from circulating fluidized bed combustion of wood , 1993 .