Investigation of evaporation and engine characteristics of pine oil biofuel fumigated in the inlet manifold of a diesel engine

Pine oil biofuel, obtained by the distillation of oleoresins of pine tree, has been chosen as a new renewable fuel for its operation in diesel engine. Notably, the viscosity and cetane number of pine oil was observed to be lower than diesel. The motivation for this work stems from the basic notion that less viscous and lower cetane fuels are considered to be fumigated for their successful operation in diesel engine. As such, pine oil biofuel was vaporized and inducted into the engine cylinder through inlet manifold while diesel was sent through main injection system, providing ignition assistance for the pine oil/air mixture. Prior to conducting engine experiments, the evaporation characteristics of pine oil droplet were studied through suspended droplet experiment so as to get better insights on pine oil droplet evaporation at various temperatures. From this study, it was observed that at higher air temperature (150°C), evaporation of pine oil was more effective than at lower temperatures (100°C and 50°C) and therefore, 150°C was chosen as preheat temperature for engine fumigation study. Thus, as a novel attempt, the fundamental study on pine oil droplet evaporation is subtly coupled with engine studies, and the effect of vaporization of pine oil on engine characteristics was mapped. As an outcome of engine study, the maximum percentage of diesel replaced was noticed to be 36% at 100% load and 60% at 20% load. Significantly, the engine performance such as BSFC and BTE was observed to be improved with the increase in proportion of pine oil injection. Further, combustion of fumigated pine oil has been reported to be better, with 36% injection of pine oil showing 10.3% higher in-cylinder pressure than that for 6% injection of pine oil at 100% load.

[1]  Ruizhi Song,et al.  Performance and Emissions of a Diesel Engine Fuelled with Methanol , 2008 .

[2]  Carlo Beatrice,et al.  Effect of Port Injected Ethanol on Combustion Characteristics in a Dual-Fuel Light Duty Diesel Engine , 2013 .

[3]  T. Chan,et al.  Investigation on the Effect of Port-Injected Methanol on the Performance and Emissions of a Diesel Engine at Different Engine Speeds , 2009 .

[4]  T. Chan,et al.  Reducing Emissions of a Diesel Engine Using Fumigation Ethanol and a Diesel Oxidation Catalyst , 2010 .

[5]  Haji Hassan Masjuki,et al.  Review on alcohol fumigation on diesel engine: A viable alternative dual fuel technology for satisfactory engine performance and reduction of environment concerning emission , 2013 .

[6]  O. Durgun,et al.  Experimental investigation of gasoline fumigation in a single cylinder direct injection (DI) diesel engine , 2008 .

[7]  B. Deepanraj,et al.  Experimental Investigation on Performance and Emission Characteristics of Low Heat Rejection Diesel Engine with Ethanol as Fuel , 2011 .

[8]  Mustafa Canakci,et al.  Effect of injection timing on the exhaust emissions of a diesel engine using diesel–methanol blends , 2009 .

[9]  Céline Morin,et al.  Droplet vaporisation characteristics of vegetable oil derived biofuels , 2000 .

[10]  A. Kowalewicz.  Eco-Diesel Engine Fuelled with Rapeseed Oil Methyl Ester and Ethanol. Part 3: Combustion Processes , 2006 .

[11]  M. P. Dorado,et al.  A comparison of performance of higher alcohols/diesel fuel blends in a diesel engine , 2012 .

[12]  C. D. Rakopoulos,et al.  Exhaust emissions with ethanol or n-butanol diesel fuel blends during transient operation: A review , 2013 .

[13]  Anthony Paul Roskilly,et al.  Experimental investigation on the performance and emissions of a diesel engine fuelled with ethanol–diesel blends , 2009 .

[14]  Flavio Caresana,et al.  Impact of biodiesel bulk modulus on injection pressure and injection timing. The effect of residual pressure , 2011 .

[15]  Zan Zhu,et al.  Effect of a Cetane Number (CN) Improver on Combustion and Emission Characteristics of a Compression-Ignition (CI) Engine Fueled with an Ethanol−Diesel Blend , 2010 .

[16]  G. Nagarajan,et al.  Emission and performance characteristics of neat ethanol fuelled Dl diesel engine , 2002 .

[17]  R. B. Anand,et al.  Combustion Characteristics of Diesohol Using Biodiesel as an Additive in a Direct Injection Compression Ignition Engine under Various Compression Ratios , 2009 .

[18]  D. Tamilvendhan,et al.  A Performance, Emission and Combustion Investigation on Hot Air Assisted Eucalyptus Oil Direct Injected Compression Ignition Engine , 2011 .

[19]  S. Fernando,et al.  Development of a Novel Biofuel Blend Using Ethanol−Biodiesel−Diesel Microemulsions: EB-Diesel , 2004 .

[20]  Qin Zhang,et al.  Ethanol-diesel fuel blends -- a review. , 2005, Bioresource technology.

[21]  Prommes Kwanchareon,et al.  Solubility of a diesel-biodiesel-ethanol blend, its fuel properties, and its emission characteristics from diesel engine , 2007 .

[22]  Joe E. Toler,et al.  Effects of blending alcohols with poultry fat methyl esters on cold flow properties , 2010 .

[23]  Ezio Mancaruso,et al.  UV-Visible Imaging of PCCI Engine Running with Ethanol/Diesel Fuel , 2012 .

[24]  P. Devan,et al.  A study of the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a compression ignition engine using methyl ester of paradise oil-eucalyptus oil blends , 2009 .

[25]  Carlo Beatrice,et al.  Application of bioethanol/RME/diesel blend in a Euro5 automotive diesel engine: Potentiality of closed loop combustion control technology , 2013 .

[26]  Bhupendra Singh Chauhan,et al.  Experimental studies on fumigation of ethanol in a small capacity Diesel engine , 2011 .

[27]  D. Hulwan,et al.  Performance, emission and combustion characteristic of a multicylinder DI diesel engine running on diesel–ethanol–biodiesel blends of high ethanol content , 2011 .

[28]  T. Chan,et al.  Comparison of emissions of a direct injection diesel engine operating on biodiesel with emulsified and fumigated methanol , 2008 .

[29]  N. Alagumurthi,et al.  Performance and emission studies on biofuel-powered Kirloskar TV-1 direct-injection diesel engine with exhaust gas recirculation , 2011 .

[30]  P. Dagaut,et al.  VAPORIZATION AND OXIDATION OF LIQUID FUEL DROPLETS AT HIGH TEMPERATURE AND HIGH PRESSURE: APPLICATION TO N-ALKANES AND VEGETABLE OIL METHYL ESTERS , 2004 .

[31]  B. Nagalingam,et al.  Performance, emission and combustion improvements in a direct injection diesel engine using cashew nut shell oil as fuel with camphor oil blending , 2012 .

[32]  A. Luengnaruemitchai,et al.  Utilization of palm oil alkyl esters as an additive in ethanol–diesel and butanol–diesel blends , 2009 .

[33]  Soo-Young No,et al.  Inedible vegetable oils and their derivatives for alternative diesel fuels in CI engines: A review , 2011 .

[34]  John B. Heywood,et al.  Internal combustion engine fundamentals , 1988 .

[35]  M. Abu-Zaid,et al.  An experimental study of the evaporation characteristics of emulsified liquid droplets , 2003 .

[36]  C. G. Saravanan,et al.  Performance and exhaust emission of turpentine oil powered direct injection diesel engine , 2010 .

[37]  Hua Zhao,et al.  Combustion and emission of rapeseed oil blends in diesel engine , 2012 .

[38]  Dimitrios C. Rakopoulos,et al.  Study of turbocharged diesel engine operation, pollutant emissions and combustion noise radiation during starting with bio-diesel or n-butanol diesel fuel blends , 2011 .

[39]  Seung Wook Baek,et al.  EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON EVAPORATION OF KEROSENE DROPLETS AT ELEVATED PRESSURES AND TEMPERATURES , 2004 .

[40]  E. A. Ajav,et al.  Performance of a stationary diesel engine using vapourized ethanol as supplementary fuel , 1998 .

[41]  E. Mancaruso,et al.  Characterization of PCCI Combustion in a Single Cylinder CI Engine Fuelled with RME and Bio-Ethanol , 2013 .