Spatial representation in body coordinates: evidence from errors in remembering positions of visual and auditory targets after active eye, head, and body movements.

Eight participants were presented with auditory or visual targets and then indicated the target's remembered positions relative to their head eight seconds after actively moving their eyes, head or body to pull apart head, retinal, body, and external space reference frames. Remembered target position was indicated by repositioning sounds or lights. Localization errors were found related to head-on-body position but not of eye-in-head or body-in-space for both auditory (0.023 dB/deg in the direction of head displacement) and visual targets (0.068 deg/deg in the direction opposite to head displacement). The results indicate that both auditory and visual localization use head-on-body information, suggesting a common coding into body coordinates--the only conversion that requires this information.

[1]  M. Gresty.  Coordination of head and eye movements to fixate continuous and intermittent targets. , 1974, Vision research.

[2]  Jörg Lewald,et al.  The effect of gaze eccentricity on perceived sound direction and its relation to visual localization , 1998, Hearing Research.

[3]  A. Opstal,et al.  Human eye-head coordination in two dimensions under different sensorimotor conditions , 1997, Experimental Brain Research.

[4]  Laurence R. Harris.  The coding of self motion , 1997 .

[5]  K. Goldstein,et al.  Über akustische Lokalisation und deren Beeinflußbarkeit durch andere Sinnesreize , 1926 .

[6]  J. Lackner.  Visual rearrangement affects auditory localization. , 1973, Neuropsychologia.

[7]  H H Goossens,et al.  Influence of head position on the spatial representation of acoustic targets. , 1999, Journal of neurophysiology.

[8]  K R Paap,et al.  Perceptual consequences of potentiation in the extraocular muscles: an alternative explanation for adaptation to wedge prisms. , 1976, Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance.

[9]  C Maurer,et al.  Visual object localisation in space. Interaction of retinal, eye position, vestibular and neck proprioceptive information. , 2001, Experimental brain research.

[10]  R. Bohlander,et al.  Eye Position and Visual Attention Influence Perceived Auditory Direction , 1984, Perceptual and motor skills.

[11]  Jörg Lewald,et al.  Visual and proprioceptive shifts in perceived egocentric direction induced by eye-position , 2000, Vision Research.

[12]  Claude Prablanc,et al.  Optimal contributions of head and eye positions to spatial accuracy in man tested by visually directed pointing , 2004, Experimental Brain Research.

[13]  D Guitton,et al.  Central Organization and Modeling of Eye‐Head Coordination during Orienting Gaze Shifts a , 1992, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[14]  A. A. Skavenski.  Extraretinal correction and memory for target position. , 1971, Vision research.

[15]  D. Zambarbieri,et al.  Eye-head coordination toward auditory and visual targets in humans. , 1997, Journal of vestibular research : equilibrium & orientation.

[16]  Laurence R. Harris,et al.  Computational and psychophysical mechanisms of visual coding , 1997 .

[17]  Otmar Bock,et al.  Localization of objects in the peripheral visual field , 1993, Behavioural Brain Research.

[18]  Shinsuke Shimojo,et al.  Compression of space in visual memory , 2001, Vision Research.

[19]  M. Jeannerod,et al.  The contribution of coordinated eye and head movements in hand pointing accuracy , 2004, Experimental Brain Research.

[20]  H. Barlow.  Eye movements during fixation , 1952, The Journal of physiology.

[21]  J R Lackner,et al.  The Role of Posture in Sound Localization , 1974, The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology.

[22]  ALEX. CRUM BROWN,et al.  Studies in Auditory and Visual Space Perception , 1902, Nature.

[23]  E. Rolls,et al.  Spatial view cells in the primate hippocampus: allocentric view not head direction or eye position or place. , 1999, Cerebral cortex.

[24]  Willard R. Thurlow,et al.  The effects of eye position and expectation on sound localization , 1971 .

[25]  W. Ehrenstein,et al.  The effect of eye position on auditory lateralization , 1996, Experimental Brain Research.

[26]  R. Andersen,et al.  Head position signals used by parietal neurons to encode locations of visual stimuli , 1995, Nature.

[27]  J. L. Taylor,et al.  Illusions of head and visual target displacement induced by vibration of neck muscles. , 1991, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[28]  J. Stahl,et al.  Amplitude of human head movements associated with horizontal saccades , 1999, Experimental Brain Research.

[29]  ERNST PÖPPEL.  Comment on “Visual System's View of Acoustic Space” , 1973, Nature.

[30]  FRANK MORRELL,et al.  Visual System's View of Acoustic Space , 1972, Nature.

[31]  T. A. Ryan,et al.  The Influence of Eye Movement and Position on Auditory Localization , 1941 .

[32]  A. A. Skavenski,et al.  Miniature eye movement. , 1973, Science.

[33]  David L. Sparks,et al.  Auditory receptive fields in primate superior colliculus shift with changes in eye position , 1984, Nature.

[34]  Jörg Lewald,et al.  Eye-position effects in directional hearing , 1997, Behavioural Brain Research.

[35]  C. L. Morgan.  Constancy of egocentric visual direction , 1978, Perception & psychophysics.

[36]  Jörg Lewald,et al.  Sound localization with eccentric head position , 2000, Behavioural Brain Research.

[37]  W. Ehrenstein,et al.  Neck-proprioceptive influence on auditory lateralization , 1999, Experimental Brain Research.

[38]  N Osaka.  Effect of refraction on perceived locus of a target in the peripheral visual field. , 1977, The Journal of psychology.

[39]  W. Ehrenstein,et al.  Influence of head-to-trunk position on sound lateralization , 1998, Experimental Brain Research.

[40]  O. Bock,et al.  Contribution of retinal versus extraretinal signals towards visual localization in goal-directed movements , 2004, Experimental Brain Research.

[41]  F. Varela,et al.  Radical embodiment: neural dynamics and consciousness , 2001, Trends in Cognitive Sciences.

[42]  W H Ehrenstein,et al.  Auditory-visual spatial integration: a new psychophysical approach using laser pointing to acoustic targets. , 1998, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.

[43]  W. Becker,et al.  Perception of angular head position during attempted alignment with eccentric visual objects , 2001, Experimental Brain Research.

[44]  J. Roll,et al.  Eye and neck proprioceptive messages contribute to the spatial coding of retinal input in visually oriented activities , 2004, Experimental Brain Research.

[45]  A. Hein,et al.  Neck muscle vibration modifies the representation of visual motion and direction in man. , 1988, Brain : a journal of neurology.