Histological grade of differentiation of hepatocellular carcinoma: Comparison of the efficacy of diffusion‐weighted MRI with T2‐weighted imaging and angiography‐assisted CT

Introduction: The purpose of this study is to determine the usefulness of diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) for evaluating the histological grade of differentiation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) compared with T2‐weighted imaging (T2WI) and tumour haemodynamics.

[1]  P. Grenier,et al.  MR imaging of intravoxel incoherent motions: application to diffusion and perfusion in neurologic disorders. , 1986, Radiology.

[2]  K. Togashi,et al.  The utility of diffusion-weighted MR imaging for differentiating uterine sarcomas from benign leiomyomas , 2007, European Radiology.

[3]  M. Makuuchi,et al.  Early Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Pathology, Imaging, and Therapy , 2008, Annals of Surgical Oncology.

[4]  Bachir Taouli,et al.  Assessment of tumor necrosis of hepatocellular carcinoma after chemoembolization: diffusion-weighted and contrast-enhanced MRI with histopathologic correlation of the explanted liver. , 2009, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[5]  C. Claussen,et al.  Diffusion-weighted MRI of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma during sorafenib treatment: initial results. , 2009, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[6]  D. Woodfield.  Hepatocellular carcinoma. , 1986, The New Zealand medical journal.

[7]  M. Matsushita,et al.  Evaluation of surgical resection for small hepatocellular carcinomas. , 1996, American journal of surgery.

[8]  V. Yajnik,et al.  Pathology and genetics of tumors of the digestive system , 2001 .

[9]  Katsuhiro Nasu,et al.  Diffusion-weighted imaging of surgically resected hepatocellular carcinoma: imaging characteristics and relationship among signal intensity, apparent diffusion coefficient, and histopathologic grade. , 2009, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[10]  Jeong-Sik Yu,et al.  Added value of diffusion‐weighted imaging in the MRI assessment of perilesional tumor recurrence after chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinomas , 2009, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.

[11]  S. Nawano,et al.  The effect of simultaneous use of respiratory triggering in diffusion-weighted imaging of the liver. , 2006, Magnetic resonance in medical sciences : MRMS : an official journal of Japan Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.

[12]  O. Matsui,et al.  Correlation between the blood supply and grade of malignancy of hepatocellular nodules associated with liver cirrhosis: evaluation by CT during intraarterial injection of contrast medium. , 1999, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[13]  Toshibumi Kinoshita,et al.  Hypointensity on diffusion-weighted MRI of the brain related to T2 shortening and susceptibility effects. , 2003, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[14]  P Neuhaus,et al.  Vascular invasion and histopathologic grading determine outcome after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis , 2001, Hepatology.

[15]  Olav Haraldseth,et al.  Measurement of cell density and necrotic fraction in human melanoma xenografts by diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging , 2000, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[16]  O. Matsui,et al.  Cirrhotic nodules: association between MR imaging signal intensity and intranodular blood supply. , 2005, Radiology.

[17]  Harsh Kandpal,et al.  Respiratory-triggered versus breath-hold diffusion-weighted MRI of liver lesions: comparison of image quality and apparent diffusion coefficient values. , 2009, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[18]  T. Murakami,et al.  Hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma: Combined dynamic MDCT and SPIO‐enhanced MRI versus combined CTHA and CTAP , 2007, Hepatology research : the official journal of the Japan Society of Hepatology.

[19]  T. Terada,et al.  Iron‐accumulating adenomatous hyperplastic nodule with malignant foci in the cirrhotic liver histopathologic, quantitative iron, and magnetic resonance imaging in vitro studies , 1990, Cancer.

[20]  D. Mitchell,et al.  Hepatocellular carcinoma within siderotic regenerative nodules: appearance as a nodule within a nodule on MR images. , 1991, Radiology.

[21]  A. Karantanas,et al.  Respiratory gated diffusion-weighted imaging of the liver: value of apparent diffusion coefficient measurements in the differentiation between most commonly encountered benign and malignant focal liver lesions , 2008, European Radiology.

[22]  U. Motosugi,et al.  High‐b‐value diffusion‐weighted MR imaging of hepatocellular lesions: Estimation of grade of malignancy of hepatocellular carcinoma , 2009, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.

[23]  N. Rofsky,et al.  Siderotic nodules in the cirrhotic liver at MR imaging with explant correlation: no increased frequency of dysplastic nodules and hepatocellular carcinoma. , 2001, Radiology.

[24]  Shigeru Nawano,et al.  Diffusion-weighted imaging of breast cancer with the sensitivity encoding technique: analysis of the apparent diffusion coefficient value. , 2004, Magnetic resonance in medical sciences : MRMS : an official journal of Japan Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.

[25]  Jo-Chi Jao,et al.  Early response of hepatocellular carcinoma to transcatheter arterial chemoembolization: choline levels and MR diffusion constants--initial experience. , 2006, Radiology.

[26]  Masatoshi Kudo,et al.  Multistep human hepatocarcinogenesis: correlation of imaging with pathology , 2009, Journal of Gastroenterology.

[27]  M. Kanematsu,et al.  Diffusion‐weighted imaging of the liver: Optimizing b value for the detection and characterization of benign and malignant hepatic lesions , 2008, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.

[28]  H. Fukuda,et al.  Small hepatocellular carcinoma: relationship of signal intensity to histopathologic findings and metal content of the tumor and surrounding hepatic parenchyma. , 1999, Radiology.

[29]  H. Honda,et al.  Arterial blood supply of hepatocellular carcinoma and histologic grading: radiologic-pathologic correlation. , 2008, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[30]  Yuan Ji,et al.  Added value of breathhold diffusion‐weighted MRI in detection of small hepatocellular carcinoma lesions compared with dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI alone using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis , 2009, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.

[31]  M. Kojiro.  Focus on dysplastic nodules and early hepatocellular carcinoma: An Eastern point of view , 2004, Liver transplantation : official publication of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the International Liver Transplantation Society.

[32]  N. deSouza,et al.  Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and its application to cancer , 2006, Cancer imaging : the official publication of the International Cancer Imaging Society.

[33]  Johannes T Heverhagen,et al.  Noise measurement and estimation in MR imaging experiments. , 2007, Radiology.

[34]  H. Ojima,et al.  CT Imaging of Early Hepatocellular Carcinoma and the Natural Outcome of Hypoattenuating Nodular Lesions in Chronic Liver Disease , 2007, Oncology.

[35]  H. Weinmann,et al.  Preclinical evaluation of Gd-EOB-DTPA as a contrast agent in MR imaging of the hepatobiliary system. , 1992, Radiology.

[36]  Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan.  The general rules for the clinical and pathological study of primary liver cancer , 2006, The Japanese journal of surgery.