Isolation and characterization of mesenchymal progenitor cells from chorionic villi of human placenta.

BACKGROUND BM-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are attractive sources for autotransplantation with no risk of rejection, but the use of these cells bas problems, including the necessity of harvesting BM from donors, the donors' age-dependency, limitation to autologous use and difficulty of use for patients with hereditary diseases. We report a method of isolating placenta-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells (PDMPC) that can be used as an alternative source of MSC. METHODS We isolated PDMPC from human fetal chorionic villi using the explant culture method, from placentas collected after neonatal delivery (38-40 weeks of gestation). The PDMPC were characterized by morphologic and immunophenotypic analysis. The differentiation ability of mesenchymal and neural lineages was detected using specific culture conditions and determined by morphology, reverse transcription(RT)-PCR, histochemical staining and immunocytostaining. RESULTS The PDMPC all originated from fetal chorionic villi, as confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis. The PDMPC population consisted of spindle-shaped cells and large flat cells. The PDMPCexpressed CD13, CD44, CD73, CD90, CDIO5 and HLA class I as surface epitopes, but not CD31, CD34, CD45 and HLA-DR. These cells differentiated into osteocytes, chondrocytes and adipocytes under specific culture conditions, and were also induced to form neural-like cells. DISCUSSION Our study shows that PDMPC can differentiate into mesenchymal lineages and be induced to form neural-like cells. Thus, PDMPCisolated from chorionic villi of placenta may provide a novel source for the research of stem and progenitor cells in placenta, cell therapy and regenerative medicine, particularly as a source of allogenic mesenchymal stem and progenitor cells with little ethical conflict and various advantages

[1]  C. Jones,et al.  Studies of mesenchymal cells from 1st trimester human placenta: expression of cytokeratin outside the trophoblast lineage. , 1999, Placenta.

[2]  S. Kakinuma,et al.  Human Umbilical Cord Blood as a Source of Transplantable Hepatic Progenitor Cells , 2003, Stem Cells.

[3]  D. Fauza,et al.  The placenta as a cell source in fetal tissue engineering. , 2002, Journal of pediatric surgery.

[4]  S. Kang,et al.  Improvement of neurological deficits by intracerebral transplantation of human adipose tissue-derived stromal cells after cerebral ischemia in rats , 2003, Experimental Neurology.

[5]  G. Moonen,et al.  Regulation of neural markers nestin and GFAP expression by cultivated bone marrow stromal cells , 2003, Journal of Cell Science.

[6]  R. Demir,et al.  Placental villous stroma as a model system for myofibroblast differentiation , 1996, Histochemistry and Cell Biology.

[7]  M. Rudnicki,et al.  A new look at the origin, function, and "stem-cell" status of muscle satellite cells. , 2000, Developmental biology.

[8]  D. Prockop,et al.  Multipotential marrow stromal cells transduced to produce L-DOPA: engraftment in a rat model of Parkinson disease. , 1999, Human gene therapy.

[9]  Min Zhu,et al.  Human adipose tissue is a source of multipotent stem cells. , 2002, Molecular biology of the cell.

[10]  E. Gluckman.  Hematopoietic stem-cell transplants using umbilical-cord blood. , 2001, The New England journal of medicine.

[11]  David M. Wu,et al.  Cones regenerate from retinal stem cells sequestered in the inner nuclear layer of adult goldfish retina. , 2001, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.

[12]  J. Adamson,et al.  Outcomes among 562 recipients of placental-blood transplants from unrelated donors. , 1998, The New England journal of medicine.

[13]  S. Goldman,et al.  Telomerase immortalization of neuronally restricted progenitor cells derived from the human fetal spinal cord , 2004, Nature Biotechnology.

[14]  Michael Chopp,et al.  Expression of Neural Markers in Human Umbilical Cord Blood , 2001, Experimental Neurology.

[15]  A I Caplan,et al.  In vitro chondrogenesis of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells. , 1998, Experimental cell research.

[16]  S. Gronthos,et al.  Postnatal human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in vitro and in vivo. , 2000, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[17]  Gianluca Gallo,et al.  Reevaluation of in vitro differentiation protocols for bone marrow stromal cells: Disruption of actin cytoskeleton induces rapid morphological changes and mimics neuronal phenotype , 2004, Journal of neuroscience research.

[18]  S. Temple,et al.  A self-renewing multipotential stem cell in embryonic rat cerebral cortex , 1994, Nature.

[19]  M. Stoker,et al.  Contact and short-range interactions affecting growth of animal cells in culture. , 1967, Current topics in developmental biology.

[20]  M. Butler,et al.  Cell culture labfax , 1992 .

[21]  D. Zaccheo,et al.  A three-dimensional study of the normal human placental villous core , 2004, Cell and Tissue Research.

[22]  W. Wilkison,et al.  Neurogenic differentiation of murine and human adipose-derived stromal cells. , 2002, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[23]  H. Lorenz,et al.  Multilineage cells from human adipose tissue: implications for cell-based therapies. , 2001, Tissue engineering.

[24]  P. Kaufmann,et al.  A three-dimensional study of the normal human placental villous core: II. Stromal architecture , 1982 .

[25]  M. Tuszynski,et al.  Induction of bone marrow stromal cells to neurons: Differentiation, transdifferentiation, or artifact? , 2004, Journal of neuroscience research.

[26]  I. Fischer,et al.  In vitro differentiation of human marrow stromal cells into early progenitors of neural cells by conditions that increase intracellular cyclic AMP. , 2001, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[27]  R. Thangavel,et al.  Expression of markers for both neuronal and glial cells in human amniotic epithelial cells , 1996, Neuroscience Letters.

[28]  H. Okano,et al.  Musashi1: An Evolutionally Conserved Marker for CNS Progenitor Cells Including Neural Stem Cells , 2000, Developmental Neuroscience.

[29]  J. Schiltz.  Collagen synthesis during the cell cycle of chick embryo chondroblasts; evidence for two distinct chondroblast populations. , 1979, Cell differentiation.

[30]  P. Kaufmann,et al.  Scanning electron microscopy of stromal cells of human placental villi throughout pregnancy , 2004, Cell and Tissue Research.

[31]  C. Kaps,et al.  The T-box transcription factor Brachyury mediates cartilage development in mesenchymal stem cell line C3H10T1/2. , 2002, Journal of cell science.

[32]  S. Gronthos,et al.  The STRO-1+ fraction of adult human bone marrow contains the osteogenic precursors. , 1994, Blood.

[33]  M Chopp,et al.  Spinal cord injury in rat: treatment with bone marrow stromal cell transplantation , 2000, Neuroreport.

[34]  P. Conget,et al.  Mesenchymal progenitor cells in human umbilical cord blood , 2000, British journal of haematology.

[35]  M. Weiss,et al.  Matrix Cells from Wharton's Jelly Form Neurons and Glia , 2003, Stem cells.

[36]  M. Pittenger,et al.  Multilineage potential of adult human mesenchymal stem cells. , 1999, Science.

[37]  J. Gimble,et al.  Surface protein characterization of human adipose tissue‐derived stromal cells , 2001, Journal of cellular physiology.

[38]  P. Conget,et al.  Phenotypical and functional properties of human bone marrow mesenchymal progenitor cells , 1999, Journal of cellular physiology.

[39]  J. Klein,et al.  Graft-versus-host disease in children who have received a cord-blood or bone marrow transplant from an HLA-identical sibling. Eurocord and International Bone Marrow Transplant Registry Working Committee on Alternative Donor and Stem Cell Sources. , 2000, The New England journal of medicine.

[40]  I. Black,et al.  Adult rat and human bone marrow stromal cells differentiate into neurons , 2000, Journal of neuroscience research.

[41]  D J Prockop,et al.  Marrow stromal cells migrate throughout forebrain and cerebellum, and they differentiate into astrocytes after injection into neonatal mouse brains. , 1999, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[42]  I. Weissman,et al.  Self-renewal, differentiation or death: regulation and manipulation of hematopoietic stem cell fate. , 1999, Molecular medicine today.

[43]  S. Sell,et al.  Is there a liver stem cell? , 1990, Cancer research.

[44]  É. Mezey,et al.  Hematopoietic cells differentiate into both microglia and macroglia in the brains of adult mice. , 1997, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[45]  Darwin J. Prockop,et al.  In vitro cartilage formation by human adult stem cells from bone marrow stroma defines the sequence of cellular and molecular events during chondrogenesis , 2002, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[46]  R. McKay,et al.  CNS stem cells express a new class of intermediate filament protein , 1990, Cell.

[47]  P. Bianco,et al.  Marrow stromal stem cells. , 2000, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[48]  F M Watt,et al.  c-Myc promotes differentiation of human epidermal stem cells. , 1997, Genes & development.

[49]  Y. Romanov,et al.  Searching for Alternative Sources of Postnatal Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Candidate MSC‐Like Cells from Umbilical Cord , 2003, Stem cells.

[50]  W. Janssen,et al.  Adult Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Differentiate into Neural Cells in Vitro , 2000, Experimental Neurology.