AFDA: Asynchronous Flipped Diversity ALOHA for Emerging Wireless Networks With Long and Heterogeneous Delay

The design of random media access control (MAC) protocol renews great attention for emerging challenged wireless environments, where the propagation delay is long, heterogeneous, and/or varying, such as satellite or underwater acoustic sensor networks. In these environments, the existing MAC solutions based on slotted transmissions, carrier sensing, or channel reservation by control packets are no longer favorable or even feasible. In this paper, we propose the asynchronous flipped diversity ALOHA (AFDA) to tackle the challenges based on a new diversity transmission scheme. Different from the existing diversity transmission schemes, each data packet and its flipped replica are transmitted back to back, and the zigzag decoding technique is adopted to resolve collisions. The performance of AFDA has been evaluated by analysis and simulations. The results show that, without time synchronization or handshaking requirements, the performance of AFDA is unaffected by the duration or variation of the propagation delay, and it substantially improves system performance in terms of throughput, packet loss ratio, and network admission region.

[1]  Christian Kissling,et al.  Enhanced Contention Resolution Aloha - ECRA , 2012, ArXiv.

[2]  Cristina V. Lopes,et al.  A survey, classification and comparative analysis of medium access control protocols for ad hoc networks , 2004, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[3]  Marie-Laure Boucheret,et al.  An enhanced multiple random access scheme for satellite communications , 2011, Wireless Telecommunications Symposium 2012.

[4]  M. Stojanovic,et al.  Slotted FAMA: a MAC protocol for underwater acoustic networks , 2006, OCEANS 2006 - Asia Pacific.

[5]  Lei Zheng,et al.  Flipped Diversity Aloha in Wireless Networks with Long and Varying Delay , 2011, 2011 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference - GLOBECOM 2011.

[6]  Riccardo De Gaudenzi,et al.  Generalized Analytical Framework for the Performance Assessment of Slotted Random Access Protocols , 2014, IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun..

[7]  Christian Kissling.  Performance Enhancements for Asynchronous Random Access Protocols over Satellite , 2011, 2011 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC).

[8]  Hiroshi Matsuno,et al.  Effect of propagation delay and RTS packet recognition time on MACA , 2005 .

[9]  Marco Chiani,et al.  High Throughput Random Access via Codes on Graphs: Coded Slotted ALOHA , 2011, 2011 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC).

[10]  Nei Kato,et al.  Effective Delay-Controlled Load Distribution over Multipath Networks , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems.

[11]  Gianluigi Liva,et al.  Graph-Based Analysis and Optimization of Contention Resolution Diversity Slotted ALOHA , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Communications.

[12]  Riccardo De Gaudenzi,et al.  Contention Resolution Diversity Slotted ALOHA (CRDSA): An Enhanced Random Access Schemefor Satellite Access Packet Networks , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[13]  Paolo Castiglione,et al.  Pseudo-Random ALOHA for Enhanced Collision-Recovery in RFID , 2013, IEEE Communications Letters.

[14]  Paolo Castiglione,et al.  Pseudo-random Aloha for inter-frame soft combining in RFID systems , 2013, 2013 18th International Conference on Digital Signal Processing (DSP).

[15]  L. Kleinrock,et al.  Packet Switching in Radio Channels: Part I - Carrier Sense Multiple-Access Modes and Their Throughput-Delay Characteristics , 1975, IEEE Transactions on Communications.

[16]  Georgios B. Giannakis,et al.  High-Throughput Random Access Using Successive Interference Cancellation in a Tree Algorithm , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory.

[17]  R. De Gaudenzi,et al.  A high efficiency scheme for quasi-real-time satellite mobile messaging systems , 2008 .

[18]  G. Choudhury,et al.  Diversity ALOHA - A Random Access Scheme for Satellite Communications , 1983, IEEE Transactions on Communications.

[19]  A. Girotra,et al.  Performance Analysis of the IEEE 802 . 11 Distributed Coordination Function , 2005 .

[20]  Xuemin Shen,et al.  Mac protocol design and optimization for multi-hop ultra-wideband networks , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[21]  John S. Heidemann,et al.  Comparison and Evaluation of the T-Lohi MAC for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks , 2008, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[22]  Marie-Laure Boucheret,et al.  Multi-slot coded ALOHA with irregular degree distribution , 2012, 2012 IEEE First AESS European Conference on Satellite Telecommunications (ESTEL).

[23]  R. De Gaudenzi,et al.  A high efficiency scheme for quasi-real-time satellite mobile messaging systems , 2008, 2008 10th International Workshop on Signal Processing for Space Communications.

[24]  Subrata Banerjee,et al.  Network-assisted diversity for random access wireless networks , 2000, IEEE Trans. Signal Process..

[25]  P. Karn,et al.  MACA-a New Channel Access Method for Packet Radio , 1990 .

[26]  M.J. Ryan,et al.  Design of a Propagation-Delay-Tolerant MAC Protocol for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks , 2009, IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering.

[27]  Takaya Yamazato,et al.  A new packet detection scheme in CDMA unslotted ALOHA system with successive interference cancellation , 2001, GLOBECOM'01. IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Cat. No.01CH37270).

[28]  Bhaskar Krishnamachari,et al.  Understanding spatio-temporal uncertainty in medium access with ALOHA protocols , 2007, Underwater Networks.

[29]  Tho Le-Ngoc,et al.  Performance of Combined Free/Demand Assignment Multiple-Access Schemes in Satellite Communications , 1996, Int. J. Satell. Commun. Netw..

[30]  Oscar del Rio Herrero,et al.  Spread-spectrum techniques for the provision of packet access on the reverse link of next-generation broadband multimedia satellite systems , 2004, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[31]  Nei Kato,et al.  On Load Distribution over Multipath Networks , 2012, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[32]  Nikos D. Sidiropoulos,et al.  Collision resolution in packet radio networks using rotational invariance techniques , 2002, IEEE Trans. Commun..

[33]  Dina Katabi,et al.  Zigzag decoding: combating hidden terminals in wireless networks , 2008, SIGCOMM '08.

[34]  Bhaskar Krishnamachari,et al.  Performance of a Propagation Delay Tolerant ALOHA Protocol for Underwater Wireless Networks , 2008, DCOSS.

[35]  Desmond P. Taylor,et al.  Packet Switching in Radio Channels: Part ICarrier Sense MultipleAccess Modes and Their ThroughputDelay Characteristics , 2007 .