Diffraction in mm and Sub-mm Wave Indoor Propagation Channels

Current indoor wireless communication systems are shifting from classical microwave bands towards mm wave frequencies, whereas here the 60 GHz band is of special interest. Future systems are expected to work at even higher carrier frequencies in the sub-mm band beyond 300 GHz. In indoor wave propagation channels of such systems, diffraction occurs at a multitude of objects and hence must be considered for propagation simulations. Although the relevance of diffraction has been thouroughly studied at lower frequencies, it has not yet been analyzed methodically in the mm and sub-mm wave frequency range. This paper presents an extensive measurement campaign of the diffraction at objects like edges, wedges and cylinders for frequencies of 60 and 300 GHz. Different materials, realistic antennas as well as transmission through the objects are taken into account. Theoretical approaches are validated against the measurement results. Furthermore, shadowing of rays by persons is investigated and modeled with the help of diffraction. Finally, ray tracing is applied in an office scenario in order to evaluate the impact of diffraction on mm and sub-mm wave indoor channel characteristics.

[1]  Sebastian Priebe,et al.  Polarization investigation of rough surface scattering for THz propagation modeling , 2011, Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP).

[2]  P. Bernardi,et al.  An accurate UTD model for the analysis of complex indoor radio environments in microwave WLAN systems , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[3]  Thomas B. A. Senior,et al.  Electromagnetic and acoustic scattering by simple shapes (Revised edition) , 1987 .

[4]  W. Burnside,et al.  High frequency scattering by a thin lossless dielectric slab , 1983 .

[5]  S. Cherry,et al.  Edholm's law of bandwidth , 2004, IEEE Spectrum.

[6]  Contract Signatures in E-Commerce Applications , 2010, 2010 International Conference on Broadband, Wireless Computing, Communication and Applications.

[7]  Yu-Jiu Wang,et al.  A continuous-wave THz imaging system , 2013, Other Conferences.

[8]  G.D. Durgin The Practical Behavior of Various Edge-Diffraction Formulas , 2009, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine.

[9]  D. Wilton,et al.  Electromagnetic scattering by surfaces of arbitrary shape , 1980 .

[10]  J. Deygout Multiple knife-edge diffraction of microwaves , 1966 .

[11]  Martin Jacob,et al.  A dynamic 60 GHz radio channel model for system level simulations with MAC protocols for IEEE 802.11ad , 2010, IEEE International Symposium on Consumer Electronics (ISCE 2010).

[12]  T. Senior,et al.  Electromagnetic and Acoustic Scattering by Simple Shapes , 1969 .

[13]  Joerg Schoebel,et al.  Performance evaluation of 60 GHz WLAN antennas under realistic propagation conditions with human shadowing , 2011, 2011 XXXth URSI General Assembly and Scientific Symposium.

[14]  H. Bertoni,et al.  A new approach to 3-D ray tracing for propagation prediction in cities , 1998 .

[15]  Derek A. McNamara,et al.  Introduction to the Uniform Geometrical Theory of Diffraction , 1990 .

[16]  Rodney G. Vaughan,et al.  Channels, Propagation and Antennas for Mobile Communications , 2003 .

[17]  T. Kurner,et al.  Short-Range Ultra-Broadband Terahertz Communications: Concepts and Perspectives , 2007, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine.

[18]  Sebastian Priebe,et al.  A ray tracing based stochastic human blockage model for the IEEE 802.11ad 60 GHz channel model , 2011, Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP).

[19]  T. Kleine-Ostmann,et al.  A comparison of indoor channel measurements and ray tracing simulations at 300 GHz , 2010, 35th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves.

[20]  T. Kurner,et al.  Diffuse Scattering From Rough Surfaces in THz Communication Channels , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology.

[21]  T. Kleine-Ostmann,et al.  Channel and Propagation Measurements at 300 GHz , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[22]  C. L. Giovaneli An analysis of simplified solutions for multiple knife-edge diffraction , 1984 .

[23]  J. Kunisch,et al.  Ultra-wideband double vertical knife-edge model for obstruction of a ray by a person , 2008, 2008 IEEE International Conference on Ultra-Wideband.

[24]  W. Burnside,et al.  A uniform GTD analysis of the diffraction of electromagnetic waves by a smooth convex surface , 1980 .

[25]  A. J. Rustako,et al.  Diffraction around corners and its effects on the microcell coverage area in urban and suburban environments at 900 MHz, 2 GHz, and 6 GHz , 1994, 1994 IEEE GLOBECOM. Communications: The Global Bridge.

[26]  R. Kouyoumjian,et al.  A uniform geometrical theory of diffraction for an edge in a perfectly conducting surface , 1974 .

[27]  V. Erceg,et al.  Diffraction around corners and its effects on the microcell coverage area in urban and suburban environments at 900 MHz, 2 GHz, and 4 GHz , 1994 .

[28]  Sebastian Priebe,et al.  Non-specular scattering modeling for THz propagation simulations , 2011, Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP).