Marine biotoxins in shellfish - Azaspiracid group 1 Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Contaminants in the Food chain

SUMMARY Azaspiracids (AZAs) are a group of shellfish toxins causing AZA poisoning (AZP) which is characterized by symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and stomach cramps. Approximately 20 different analogues have been identified, of which AZA1, AZA2 and AZA3 are the most important ones based on occurrence and toxicity. AZAs can be found in various species of filter-feeding bivalve molluscs such as oysters, mussels, scallops, and clams. Monitoring of AZAs in shellfish in Ireland has shown that mussels are the most affected species for this group of toxins. Only recently has the dinoflagellate that produces the AZA toxins been isolated. AZAs are nitrogen-containing polyether toxins comprising a unique spiral ring assembly, a heterocyclic amine (piperidine) and an aliphatic carboxylic acid moiety. AZAs in shellfish are not decomposed at temperatures relevant for cooking.

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