A heuristic-based electricity trade coordination for microgrid-level V2G services

This paper presents an interaction mechanism between electric vehicles (EVs) and a microgrid such as a shopping mall, and then designs an efficient electricity trade coordinator for vehicle-to-grid (V2G) applications. Each EV submits a sales request specifying its earliest and the latest arrival times, plug-in length, and amount to sell. Activated by the change in the request-to-sell set, the scheduler brokers both parties so as to balance the supply and demand. To cope with the exploding search space accompanied by the exhaustive search, our scheme iteratively identifies and matches the time slot having the smallest number of available EVs and the EV which has the least flexibility in staying at the microgrid. The performance measurement result, obtained from a prototype implementation, exhibits that the proposed scheme reduces the lacking amount by up to 51.5%, compared with the reference scheme, just with 4.7% accuracy loss.