The role of ion sources in synthesis of the super-heavy elements.

Since the early 1970s, attempts to synthesize Super Heavy Elements (SHE) have been made in many laboratories around the world. One of the main requirements of these experiments is a sufficiently large dose of target irradiation, which should be increased with a decrease in the reaction cross section. In this regard, the capacities of ion sources play an important role for the successful synthesis of SHE. At the FLNR JINR, the discovery and investigation of the new region of super heavy nuclei were based on fusion reactions of 48Ca with 238U-249Cf target nuclei. In these experiments, a technique for the production of metallic 48Ca was developed. The operation mode of the ECR ion source was set to optimize the intensity of 48Ca ions and attain maximum ionization efficiency. Because of the heaviest target for experiments on synthesis of SHE in heavy ion reactions is 249Cf, so further progress in the synthesis of elements with Z > 118 requires the production of intense beams of accelerated neutron enriched isotopes, such as 50Ti, 58Fe, and 64Ni.

[1]  S. Bogomolov,et al.  The preliminary tests of the high charge state all-permanent magnet ECR ion source DECRIS-PM , 2018 .

[2]  Y. Oganessian,et al.  Superheavy nuclei: from predictions to discovery , 2017 .

[3]  S. Dmitriev,et al.  Synthesis and study of properties of superheavy atoms. Factory of Superheavy Elements , 2016 .

[4]  V. K. Utyonkov,et al.  Superheavy nuclei from 48 Ca-induced reactions , 2015 .

[5]  V. Lebedev,et al.  Production of intense metal ion beams from ECR ion sources using the MIVOC method , 2015, Physics of Particles and Nuclei Letters.

[6]  F. Tokanai,et al.  New Result in the Production and Decay of an Isotope, 278113, of the 113th Element , 2012, 1209.6431.

[7]  N. J. Stoyer,et al.  Attempt to produce element 120 in the 244 Pu + 58 Fe reaction , 2008 .

[8]  Peng Wang,et al.  A high charge state all-permanent magnet ECR ion source for the IMP 320 kV HV platform , 2007 .

[9]  J. Ärje,et al.  Production of titanium ion beams in an ECR ion source , 2002 .

[10]  V. Lebedev,et al.  Production of intense 48Ca ion beam at the U-400 cyclotron , 2000 .

[11]  R. Geller.  The discovery of new transuranic elements and the role of the electron cyclotron resonance ion sources , 1999 .

[12]  J. Ärje,et al.  Metal ions from the volatile compounds method for the production of metal ion beams , 1998 .

[13]  P. Sortais.  ECR ion source developments at GANIL , 1996 .

[14]  R. Harkewicz,et al.  Ion plasma sputtering as a method of introducing solid material into an electron cyclotron resonance ion source , 1995 .

[15]  V. B. Kutner.  Intense high charge state ion sources (invited) , 1994 .

[16]  R. Geller,et al.  Metal ion production in ECRIS (invited) , 1992 .

[17]  Y. Oganessian,et al.  Acceleration of 48Ca ions and new possibilities of synthesizing superheavy elements , 1976 .

[18]  V. Strutinsky,et al.  Shell effects in nuclear masses and deformation energies , 1967 .

[19]  F. A. Gareev,et al.  Closed Shells for Z > 82 and N > 126 in a Diffuse Potential Well; ZAMKNUTYE OBOLOCHKI S Z > 82 I N > 126 V RASCHETAKH S DIFFUZIONNYM POTENTSIALOM , 1966 .

[20]  G. Gamow.  Mass Defect Curve and Nuclear Constitution , 1930 .