Intestinal Microbiota in Early Life and Its Implications on Childhood Health

[1]  F. Martinez,et al.  Asthma , 2013, The Lancet.

[2]  D. Brassart,et al.  Bifidobacterium strains from resident infant human gastrointestinal microflora exert antimicrobial activity , 2000, Gut.

[3]  Jenny Sauk,et al.  Fecal microbiota transplant for relapsing Clostridium difficile infection using a frozen inoculum from unrelated donors: a randomized, open-label, controlled pilot study. , 2014, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

[4]  Martin J. Blaser,et al.  Antibiotics, birth mode, and diet shape microbiome maturation during early life , 2016, Science Translational Medicine.

[5]  Anne Salonen,et al.  Gastrointestinal microbiota in irritable bowel syndrome: present state and perspectives. , 2010, Microbiology.

[6]  G. Tsujimoto,et al.  The gut microbiota suppresses insulin-mediated fat accumulation via the short-chain fatty acid receptor GPR43 , 2013, Nature Communications.

[7]  F. Bushman,et al.  Comparison of placenta samples with contamination controls does not provide evidence for a distinct placenta microbiota , 2016, Microbiome.

[8]  D. Serban Microbiota in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Pathogenesis and Therapy: Is It All About Diet? , 2015, Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition.

[9]  M. Ventura,et al.  Intestinal microbiota development in preterm neonates and effect of perinatal antibiotics. , 2015, The Journal of pediatrics.

[10]  R. Knight,et al.  Gut microbiota utilize immunoglobulin A for mucosal colonization , 2018, Science.

[11]  A. Khoruts,et al.  Successful Resolution of Recurrent Clostridium Difficile Infection using Freeze-Dried, Encapsulated Fecal Microbiota , 2017 .

[12]  S. Kuo The interplay between fiber and the intestinal microbiome in the inflammatory response. , 2013, Advances in nutrition.

[13]  Y. Chawla,et al.  Probiotic VSL#3 reduces liver disease severity and hospitalization in patients with cirrhosis: a randomized, controlled trial. , 2014, Gastroenterology.

[14]  G. Gerber,et al.  A microbiota signature associated with experimental food allergy promotes allergic sensitization and anaphylaxis. , 2013, The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology.

[15]  M. Hattori,et al.  Bifidobacteria can protect from enteropathogenic infection through production of acetate , 2011, Nature.

[16]  Guangjun Yu,et al.  Probiotics for prevention and treatment of respiratory tract infections in children , 2016, Medicine.

[17]  J. Doré,et al.  Determinants of the human infant intestinal microbiota after the introduction of first complementary foods in infant samples from five European centres. , 2011, Microbiology.

[18]  M. Gissler,et al.  The impact of maternal obesity, age, pre-eclampsia and insulin dependent diabetes on severe maternal morbidity by mode of delivery—a register-based cohort study , 2015, Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics.

[19]  Robert J. Moore,et al.  Evidence that asthma is a developmental origin disease influenced by maternal diet and bacterial metabolites , 2015, Nature Communications.

[20]  Á. Gil,et al.  Sources, isolation, characterisation and evaluation of probiotics , 2013, British Journal of Nutrition.

[21]  Á. Gil,et al.  Probiotic Mechanisms of Action , 2012, Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism.

[22]  A. Kozyrskyj,et al.  Microbial programming of health and disease starts during fetal life. , 2015, Birth defects research. Part C, Embryo today : reviews.

[23]  J. Graf,et al.  Gut Microbiome Developmental Patterns in Early Life of Preterm Infants: Impacts of Feeding and Gender , 2016, PloS one.

[24]  Nicholas D. Embleton,et al.  Longitudinal development of the gut microbiome and metabolome in preterm neonates with late onset sepsis and healthy controls , 2017, Microbiome.

[25]  E. Zoetendal,et al.  Duodenal infusion of donor feces for recurrent Clostridium difficile. , 2013, The New England journal of medicine.

[26]  E. Szigethy,et al.  Inflammatory bowel disease. , 2011, Pediatric clinics of North America.

[27]  E. Quigley Prebiotics and Probiotics in Digestive Health , 2019, Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association.

[28]  U. Göbel,et al.  Investigation of the intestinal microbiota in preterm infants using different methods. , 2010, Anaerobe.

[29]  G. Hold,et al.  First-Pass Meconium Samples from Healthy Term Vaginally-Delivered Neonates: An Analysis of the Microbiota , 2015, PloS one.

[30]  H. Makino,et al.  Early-Life Events, Including Mode of Delivery and Type of Feeding, Siblings and Gender, Shape the Developing Gut Microbiota , 2016, PloS one.

[31]  L. T. Angenent,et al.  Succession of microbial consortia in the developing infant gut microbiome , 2010, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[32]  A. Muraro,et al.  The microbiome in allergic disease: Current understanding and future opportunities—2017 PRACTALL document of the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology and the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology , 2017, The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology.

[33]  T. Junt,et al.  Gut microbiota metabolism of dietary fiber influences allergic airway disease and hematopoiesis , 2014, Nature Medicine.

[34]  R. Russell,et al.  The use of exclusive enteral nutrition for induction of remission in children with Crohn’s disease demonstrates that disease phenotype does not influence clinical remission , 2009, Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics.

[35]  Sharon Hensley Alford,et al.  Antibiotic exposure in early infancy and risk for childhood atopy. , 2005, The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology.

[36]  A. Mokdad,et al.  Dietary fiber and C-reactive protein: findings from national health and nutrition examination survey data. , 2004, The Journal of nutrition.

[37]  S. Cox,et al.  Detecting Microbial Dysbiosis Associated with Pediatric Crohn Disease Despite the High Variability of the Gut Microbiota. , 2016, Cell reports.

[38]  S. Salminen,et al.  Human gut colonisation may be initiated in utero by distinct microbial communities in the placenta and amniotic fluid , 2016, Scientific Reports.

[39]  A. Levin,et al.  Neonatal gut microbiota associates with childhood multi–sensitized atopy and T–cell differentiation , 2016, Nature Medicine.

[40]  J. Nicoli,et al.  A Randomized Formula Controlled Trial of Bifidobacterium lactis and Streptococcus thermophilus for Prevention of Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea in Infants , 2005, Journal of clinical gastroenterology.

[41]  Daniel B. DiGiulio,et al.  Development of the Human Infant Intestinal Microbiota , 2007, PLoS biology.

[42]  A. Ford,et al.  Global prevalence of and risk factors for irritable bowel syndrome: a meta-analysis. , 2012, Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association.

[43]  M. Jenmalm,et al.  Altered early infant gut microbiota in children developing allergy up to 5 years of age , 2009, Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology.

[44]  P. Scully,et al.  Disturbance of the gut microbiota in early-life selectively affects visceral pain in adulthood without impacting cognitive or anxiety-related behaviors in male rats , 2014, Neuroscience.

[45]  V. Tremaroli,et al.  Dynamics and Stabilization of the Human Gut Microbiome during the First Year of Life. , 2015, Cell host & microbe.

[46]  M. E. Mejía-León,et al.  Diet, Microbiota and Immune System in Type 1 Diabetes Development and Evolution , 2015, Nutrients.

[47]  C. Lebrilla,et al.  Glycoprofiling of bifidobacterial consumption of human milk oligosaccharides demonstrates strain specific, preferential consumption of small chain glycans secreted in early human lactation. , 2007, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[48]  J. Neu,et al.  Distortions in Development of Intestinal Microbiota Associated with Late Onset Sepsis in Preterm Infants , 2013, PloS one.

[49]  P. Kearney,et al.  Mode of Obstetrical Delivery and Type 1 Diabetes: A Sibling Design Study , 2014, Pediatrics.

[50]  J. Clemente,et al.  Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography , 2012, Nature.

[51]  R. Knight,et al.  Delivery mode shapes the acquisition and structure of the initial microbiota across multiple body habitats in newborns , 2010, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[52]  J. Walter,et al.  A critical assessment of the “sterile womb” and “in utero colonization” hypotheses: implications for research on the pioneer infant microbiome , 2017, Microbiome.

[53]  D. Strachan,et al.  Reduced diversity in the early fecal microbiota of infants with atopic eczema. , 2008, The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology.

[54]  S. Kugathasan,et al.  Progress in basic inflammatory bowel disease research. , 2007, Seminars in pediatric surgery.

[55]  I. Arts,et al.  The intestinal microbiota composition and weight development in children: the KOALA Birth Cohort Study , 2014, International Journal of Obesity.

[56]  S. Salminen,et al.  Furry pets modulate gut microbiota composition in infants at risk for allergic disease. , 2015, The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology.

[57]  L. Shek,et al.  Molecular analysis of infant fecal microbiota in an Asian at-risk cohort–correlates with infant and childhood eczema , 2014, BMC Research Notes.

[58]  T. Borody,et al.  Microbiota Transfer Therapy alters gut ecosystem and improves gastrointestinal and autism symptoms: an open-label study , 2017, Microbiome.

[59]  Paul Palumbo,et al.  Gut microbial colonisation in premature neonates predicts neonatal sepsis , 2012, Archives of Disease in Childhood: Fetal and Neonatal Edition.

[60]  E. Peterson,et al.  Exposure to dogs and cats in the first year of life and risk of allergic sensitization at 6 to 7 years of age. , 2002, JAMA.

[61]  C. Nagler,et al.  The Influence of the Microbiome on Allergic Sensitization to Food , 2017, The Journal of Immunology.

[62]  C. Lebrilla,et al.  In vitro fermentability of human milk oligosaccharides by several strains of bifidobacteria. , 2007, Molecular nutrition & food research.

[63]  K. Fujita,et al.  Development and differences of intestinal flora in the neonatal period in breast-fed and bottle-fed infants. , 1983, Pediatrics.

[64]  J. Silverberg Association between childhood eczema and headaches: An analysis of 19 US population-based studies. , 2016, The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology.

[65]  Dan Knights,et al.  Antibiotic-mediated gut microbiome perturbation accelerates development of type 1 diabetes in mice , 2016, Nature Microbiology.

[66]  H. Harmsen,et al.  Analysis of intestinal flora development in breast-fed and formula-fed infants by using molecular identification and detection methods. , 2000, Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition.

[67]  Marcus J Claesson,et al.  An irritable bowel syndrome subtype defined by species-specific alterations in faecal microbiota , 2011, Gut.

[68]  J. Perry,et al.  Bacterial and fungal viability in the preterm gut: NEC and sepsis , 2013, Archives of Disease in Childhood: Fetal and Neonatal Edition.

[69]  P. Scully,et al.  Early Life Stress Alters Behavior, Immunity, and Microbiota in Rats: Implications for Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Psychiatric Illnesses , 2009, Biological Psychiatry.

[70]  C. Nagler,et al.  Influences on allergic mechanisms through gut, lung, and skin microbiome exposures. , 2019, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[71]  C. Fiocchi,et al.  Targeting the innate immune system in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease , 2011, Expert review of gastroenterology & hepatology.

[72]  A. Khoruts,et al.  Successful Resolution of Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection using Freeze-Dried, Encapsulated Fecal Microbiota; Pragmatic Cohort Study , 2017, The American Journal of Gastroenterology.

[73]  K. Kolho,et al.  Combination of oral antibiotics may be effective in severe pediatric ulcerative colitis: a preliminary report. , 2014, Journal of Crohn's & colitis.

[74]  J. Lee,et al.  A Comprehensive Review of the Treatment of Atopic Eczema , 2015, Allergy, asthma & immunology research.

[75]  J. Xaus,et al.  Is meconium from healthy newborns actually sterile? , 2008, Research in microbiology.

[76]  J. Celedón,et al.  Diversity of the gut microbiota and eczema in early life , 2008, Clinical and molecular allergy : CMA.

[77]  A. Manges,et al.  The Human Microbiome and Child Growth - First 1000 Days and Beyond. , 2019, Trends in microbiology.

[78]  V. Bhandari,et al.  Corrigendum: The Human Neonatal Gut Microbiome: A Brief Review , 2015, Front. Pediatr..

[79]  R. Xavier,et al.  Genetics and pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease , 2011, Nature.

[80]  J. J. Abellán,et al.  Microbial Succession in the Gut: Directional Trends of Taxonomic and Functional Change in a Birth Cohort of Spanish Infants , 2014, PLoS genetics.

[81]  Aleksandar Milosavljevic,et al.  Gastrointestinal microbiome signatures of pediatric patients with irritable bowel syndrome. , 2011, Gastroenterology.

[82]  D. Gevers,et al.  The intestinal microbiome in type 1 diabetes , 2014, Clinical and experimental immunology.

[83]  R. Flavell,et al.  Metabolite-sensing receptors GPR43 and GPR109A facilitate dietary fibre-induced gut homeostasis through regulation of the inflammasome , 2015, Nature Communications.

[84]  Tariq Ahmad,et al.  Genome-wide meta-analysis increases to 71 the number of confirmed Crohn's disease susceptibility loci , 2010, Nature Genetics.

[85]  Y. Sanz,et al.  Interplay Between the Gut-Brain Axis, Obesity and Cognitive Function , 2018, Front. Neurosci..

[86]  S. Salminen,et al.  Early differences in fecal microbiota composition in children may predict overweight. , 2008, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[87]  A. Khoruts,et al.  Contemporary Applications of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation to Treat Intestinal Diseases in Humans. , 2017, Archives of medical research.

[88]  G. Roberts,et al.  Prevalence and Longitudinal Trends of Food Allergy During Childhood and Adolescence: Results of the Isle of Wight Birth Cohort Study , 2018, Pediatrics.

[89]  E. Riboli,et al.  Fiber intake and total and cause-specific mortality in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort. , 2012, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[90]  Knut Rudi,et al.  The composition of the gut microbiota throughout life, with an emphasis on early life , 2015, Microbial ecology in health and disease.

[91]  David Wang,et al.  The Bacterial Microbiome and Virome Milestones of Infant Development. , 2016, Trends in microbiology.

[92]  S. Dowd,et al.  Multiple Opportunistic Pathogens, but Not Pre-existing Inflammation, May Be Associated with Necrotizing Enterocolitis , 2015, Digestive Diseases and Sciences.

[93]  Willem M. de Vos,et al.  Aberrant gut microbiota composition at the onset of type 1 diabetes in young children , 2014, Diabetologia.

[94]  J. Picaud,et al.  Dynamics and clinical evolution of bacterial gut microflora in extremely premature patients. , 2011, The Journal of pediatrics.

[95]  D. Varley,et al.  Effectiveness of probiotics on the duration of illness in healthy children and adults who develop common acute respiratory infectious conditions: a systematic review and meta-analysis , 2014, British Journal of Nutrition.

[96]  F. Guaraldi,et al.  Effect of Breast and Formula Feeding on Gut Microbiota Shaping in Newborns , 2012, Front. Cell. Inf. Microbio..

[97]  Scott R. Kronewitter,et al.  A versatile and scalable strategy for glycoprofiling bifidobacterial consumption of human milk oligosaccharides , 2009, Microbial biotechnology.

[98]  G. Harry Microglia during development and aging. , 2013, Pharmacology & therapeutics.

[99]  T. Dinan,et al.  More than a Gut Feeling: the Microbiota Regulates Neurodevelopment and Behavior , 2015, Neuropsychopharmacology.

[100]  J. Gordon,et al.  Human nutrition, the gut microbiome and the immune system , 2011, Nature.

[101]  J. Machan,et al.  Effect of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation on Recurrence in Multiply Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection , 2016, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[102]  H. Ford,et al.  Role of the host defense system and intestinal microbial flora in the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis. , 2009, Surgical infections.

[103]  L. Wen,et al.  Antibiotics, gut microbiota, environment in early life and type 1 diabetes , 2017, Pharmacological research.

[104]  L. Moldawer,et al.  Impact of Early-Life Exposures to Infections, Antibiotics, and Vaccines on Perinatal and Long-term Health and Disease , 2017, Front. Immunol..

[105]  S. Salminen,et al.  Microbial contact during pregnancy, intestinal colonization and human disease , 2012, Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology.

[106]  P. A. van den Brandt,et al.  Factors Influencing the Composition of the Intestinal Microbiota in Early Infancy , 2006, Pediatrics.

[107]  H. Szajewska,et al.  Probiotics in human milk and probiotic supplementation in infant nutrition: a workshop report , 2014, British Journal of Nutrition.

[108]  Eunseog Youn,et al.  Pyrosequencing study of fecal microflora of autistic and control children. , 2010, Anaerobe.

[109]  K. Garsed,et al.  Faecal microbiota composition and host–microbe cross-talk following gastroenteritis and in postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome , 2013, Gut.

[110]  Å. Svensson,et al.  Eczema in early childhood is strongly associated with the development of asthma and rhinitis in a prospective cohort , 2012, BMC Dermatology.

[111]  F. Abadía-Molina,et al.  Adamdec1, Ednrb and Ptgs1/Cox1, inflammation genes upregulated in the intestinal mucosa of obese rats, are downregulated by three probiotic strains , 2017, Scientific Reports.

[112]  Alexander Grishin,et al.  Early-life gut microbiome composition and milk allergy resolution. , 2016, The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology.

[113]  J. Clemente,et al.  Interactions Between Diet and the Intestinal Microbiota Alter Intestinal Permeability and Colitis Severity in Mice. , 2017, Gastroenterology.

[114]  E. Zoetendal,et al.  Intestinal microbiota in functional bowel disorders: a Rome foundation report , 2012, Gut.

[115]  A. Khoruts,et al.  Understanding the mechanisms of faecal microbiota transplantation , 2016, Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology.

[116]  C. Huttenhower,et al.  Inflammatory bowel disease as a model for translating the microbiome. , 2014, Immunity.

[117]  Judy H. Cho,et al.  Genome-wide association defines more than 30 distinct susceptibility loci for Crohn's disease , 2008, Nature Genetics.

[118]  V. Tremaroli,et al.  Resource Dynamics and Stabilization of the Human Gut Microbiome during the First Year of Life Graphical Abstract Highlights , 2022 .

[119]  Jianxin Shi,et al.  Allergy associations with the adult fecal microbiota: Analysis of the American Gut Project , 2015, EBioMedicine.

[120]  S. Mazmanian,et al.  An Immunomodulatory Molecule of Symbiotic Bacteria Directs Maturation of the Host Immune System , 2005, Cell.

[121]  J. Bakken,et al.  Recurrent Clostridium difficile colitis: case series involving 18 patients treated with donor stool administered via a nasogastric tube. , 2003, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

[122]  H. Tilg,et al.  Food, immunity, and the microbiome. , 2015, Gastroenterology.

[123]  G. Shulman Ectopic fat in insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and cardiometabolic disease. , 2014, The New England journal of medicine.

[124]  Olli Simell,et al.  Gut Microbiome Metagenomics Analysis Suggests a Functional Model for the Development of Autoimmunity for Type 1 Diabetes , 2011, PloS one.

[125]  A. Buist,et al.  Caesarean section delivery and the risk of allergic disorders in childhood , 2005, Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology.

[126]  Jennifer C. Drew,et al.  Toward defining the autoimmune microbiome for type 1 diabetes , 2011, The ISME Journal.

[127]  S. Virtanen,et al.  First Infant Formula Type and Risk of Islet Autoimmunity in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) Study , 2017, Diabetes Care.

[128]  R. Lane,et al.  The relationship between early-life environment, the epigenome and the microbiota. , 2015, Epigenomics.

[129]  E. Elinav,et al.  Our Gut Microbiome: The Evolving Inner Self , 2017, Cell.

[130]  H. Forssberg,et al.  Normal gut microbiota modulates brain development and behavior , 2011, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[131]  K. Bønnelykke,et al.  Use of antibiotics during pregnancy increases the risk of asthma in early childhood. , 2013, The Journal of pediatrics.

[132]  L. Desbonnet,et al.  Microbiota is essential for social development in the mouse , 2013, Molecular Psychiatry.

[133]  M. Kubo,et al.  The intestinal microbiota regulates body composition through NFIL3 and the circadian clock , 2017, Science.

[134]  M. Moffatt,et al.  Dysbiosis Anticipating Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Very Premature Infants , 2014, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

[135]  J. Neu,et al.  Factors influencing gastrointestinal tract and microbiota immune interaction in preterm infants , 2015, Pediatric Research.

[136]  J. Doré,et al.  Intestinal Microbiota of 6-week-old Infants Across Europe: Geographic Influence Beyond Delivery Mode, Breast-feeding, and Antibiotics , 2010, Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition.

[137]  J. R. Johnson,et al.  Sepsis from the gut: the enteric habitat of bacteria that cause late-onset neonatal bloodstream infections. , 2014, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

[138]  T. Dinan,et al.  Gut microbiota and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: new perspectives for a challenging condition , 2017, European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry.

[139]  Jarno Honkanen,et al.  Modulation of Type 1 Diabetes Risk by the Intestinal Microbiome , 2017, Current Diabetes Reports.

[140]  H. Sampson,et al.  Atopic dermatitis and asthma: parallels in the evolution of treatment. , 2003, Pediatrics.

[141]  W. D. de Vos,et al.  Phylogenetic and Metabolic Tracking of Gut Microbiota during Perinatal Development , 2015, PloS one.

[142]  Daniel M. Saman,et al.  Recovery of the Gut Microbiome following Fecal Microbiota Transplantation , 2014, mBio.

[143]  L. Jingjing,et al.  HSP65 serves as an immunogenic carrier for a diabetogenic peptide P277 inducing anti-inflammatory immune response in NOD mice by nasal administration. , 2010, Vaccine.

[144]  J. Smilowitz,et al.  The Influence of Early Infant-Feeding Practices on the Intestinal Microbiome and Body Composition in Infants , 2015, Nutrition and metabolic insights.

[145]  S. Danese,et al.  Etiopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases. , 2006, World journal of gastroenterology.

[146]  Amélie Collins,et al.  Why are preterm newborns at increased risk of infection? , 2018, Archives of Disease in Childhood: Fetal and Neonatal Edition.

[147]  P. Zou Traditional Chinese Medicine, Food Therapy, and Hypertension Control: A Narrative Review of Chinese Literature. , 2016, The American journal of Chinese medicine.

[148]  Bee Wah Lee,et al.  Comparative Analysis of Fecal Microbiota in Infants with and without Eczema , 2010, PloS one.

[149]  Yan-jun Ma,et al.  Oral Administration of Recombinant Lactococcus lactis Expressing HSP65 and Tandemly Repeated P277 Reduces the Incidence of Type I Diabetes in Non-Obese Diabetic Mice , 2014, PloS one.

[150]  J. Miyoshi,et al.  Small Intestine Microbiota Regulate Host Digestive and Absorptive Adaptive Responses to Dietary Lipids. , 2018, Cell host & microbe.

[151]  I. Amit,et al.  Host microbiota constantly control maturation and function of microglia in the CNS , 2015, Nature Neuroscience.

[152]  M. Thabane,et al.  Systematic review and meta‐analysis: the incidence and prognosis of post‐infectious irritable bowel syndrome , 2007, Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics.

[153]  Xiaofang Pei,et al.  Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG supplementation for preventing respiratory infections in children: A Meta-analysis of Randomized, Placebo-controlled Trials , 2013, Indian Pediatrics.

[154]  G. Riezzo,et al.  Prophylactic use of a probiotic in the prevention of colic, regurgitation, and functional constipation: a randomized clinical trial. , 2014, JAMA pediatrics.

[155]  D. Kasper,et al.  How colonization by microbiota in early life shapes the immune system , 2016, Science.

[156]  J. Peng,et al.  Bacterial communities in neonatal feces are similar to mothers’ placentae , 2015, The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale.

[157]  Taixiang Wu,et al.  Probiotics for preventing acute upper respiratory tract infections , 2015, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[158]  M. Caplan,et al.  New Medical and Surgical Insights Into Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis: A Review , 2017, JAMA pediatrics.

[159]  P. Romundstad,et al.  Early eczema and the risk of childhood asthma: a prospective, population-based study , 2012, BMC Pediatrics.

[160]  Daniel Patrick Smith,et al.  Temporal bacterial and metabolic development of the preterm gut reveals specific signatures in health and disease , 2016, Microbiome.

[161]  C. Binns,et al.  The use of Probiotics to Prevent Diarrhea in Young Children Attending Child Care Centers: A Review , 2010 .

[162]  Sebastian Tims,et al.  Global and deep molecular analysis of microbiota signatures in fecal samples from patients with irritable bowel syndrome. , 2011, Gastroenterology.

[163]  Nathalie M. Delzenne,et al.  Prebiotic effects: metabolic and health benefits , 2010, British Journal of Nutrition.

[164]  Dominique Turck,et al.  Supplementation of Infant Formula With Probiotics and/or Prebiotics: A Systematic Review and Comment by the ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition , 2011, Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition.

[165]  T. Dinan,et al.  Genomics of schizophrenia: time to consider the gut microbiome? , 2014, Molecular Psychiatry.

[166]  B. Campbell,et al.  Review article: dietary fibre–microbiota interactions , 2015, Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics.

[167]  J. Savage,et al.  Food allergy: epidemiology and natural history. , 2015, Immunology and allergy clinics of North America.

[168]  A. Margolles,et al.  Establishment and development of intestinal microbiota in preterm neonates. , 2012, FEMS microbiology ecology.

[169]  C. Lebrilla,et al.  In Vitro Fermentation of Breast Milk Oligosaccharides by Bifidobacterium infantis and Lactobacillus gasseri , 2006, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

[170]  J. Petrosino,et al.  The Placenta Harbors a Unique Microbiome , 2014, Science Translational Medicine.

[171]  J. Cryan,et al.  Microbial genes, brain & behaviour – epigenetic regulation of the gut–brain axis , 2014, Genes, brain, and behavior.

[172]  H. Tun,et al.  Roles of Birth Mode and Infant Gut Microbiota in Intergenerational Transmission of Overweight and Obesity From Mother to Offspring , 2018, JAMA pediatrics.

[173]  H. Schünemann,et al.  Probiotics for the prevention of allergy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. , 2015, The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology.

[174]  P. Cotter,et al.  Composition of the early intestinal microbiota , 2012, Gut microbes.

[175]  M. Collado,et al.  Sepsis in preterm infants causes alterations in mucosal gene expression and microbiota profiles compared to non-septic twins , 2016, Scientific Reports.

[176]  W. D. de Vos,et al.  The First Microbial Colonizers of the Human Gut: Composition, Activities, and Health Implications of the Infant Gut Microbiota , 2017, Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews.

[177]  Y. Sanz,et al.  Influence of gut microbiota on neuropsychiatric disorders , 2017, World journal of gastroenterology.

[178]  E. Dempsey,et al.  Evolution of gut microbiota composition from birth to 24 weeks in the INFANTMET Cohort , 2017, Microbiome.

[179]  Intestinal dysbiosis in preterm infants preceding necrotizing enterocolitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis , 2017, Microbiome.

[180]  S. Khanna Microbiota Replacement Therapies: Innovation in Gastrointestinal Care , 2018, Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics.

[181]  Armando Villarreal,et al.  Use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and the development of irritable bowel syndrome. , 2012, WMJ : official publication of the State Medical Society of Wisconsin.

[182]  D. Ostatníková,et al.  Gastrointestinal microbiota in children with autism in Slovakia , 2015, Physiology & Behavior.

[183]  T. Wilt,et al.  Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Clostridium difficile Infection , 2015, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[184]  J. Marshall,et al.  Fecal transplant via retention enema for refractory or recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. , 2012, Archives of internal medicine.

[185]  H. Szajewska,et al.  Meta‐analysis: Lactobacillus GG for treating acute gastroenteritis in children – updated analysis of randomised controlled trials , 2013, Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics.

[186]  Nathan Crook,et al.  The effects of antibiotics on the microbiome throughout development and alternative approaches for therapeutic modulation , 2016, Genome Medicine.

[187]  Anders F. Andersson,et al.  Birth mode is associated with earliest strain-conferred gut microbiome functions and immunostimulatory potential , 2018, Nature Communications.

[188]  R. Zeiger,et al.  The role of breast-feeding in the development of allergies and asthma. , 2005, The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology.

[189]  T. Vatanen,et al.  The effect of host genetics on the gut microbiome , 2016, Nature Genetics.

[190]  L. Morelli,et al.  Mode of delivery affects the bacterial community in the newborn gut. , 2010, Early human development.

[191]  Huajun Zheng,et al.  Altered Gut Microbiota Composition Associated with Eczema in Infants , 2016, PloS one.