Chloride induced reinforcement corrosion behavior in self-healing concrete with encapsulated polyurethane

Abstract Cracks in reinforced concrete structures accelerate the ingress of chlorides and therefore cause a higher risk for corrosion. In this research, autonomous healing of cracks by encapsulated polyurethane was investigated as a possible method to reduce reinforcement corrosion. Reinforced concrete beams were exposed weekly to a chloride solution and electrochemical parameters were measured to determine the influence of the self-healing mechanism on the corrosion process. The rebars were visually examined afterwards. For the cracked beams an active state of corrosion was detected within an exposure period of 10 weeks and clear pitting corrosion was observed on the rebars. Autonomous crack healing with low viscosity polyurethane could significantly reduce the corrosion in the propagation stage. For these specimens no visual damage to the rebars was detected. In conclusion, the application of self-healing concrete with a low viscosity polyurethane is able to enhance the durability of reinforced concrete structures in marine environments.

[1]  Nele De Belie,et al.  Neutron Radiography Based Visualization and Profiling of Water Uptake in (Un)cracked and Autonomously Healed Cementitious Materials , 2016, Materials.

[2]  Raoul François,et al.  Effect of crack opening on the local diffusion of chloride in cracked mortar samples , 2008 .

[3]  Peter Schießl,et al.  Design model for reinforcement corrosion , 2012 .

[4]  Carlos Gil Berrocal,et al.  Corrosion initiation in cracked fibre reinforced concrete: Influence of crack width, fibre type and loading conditions , 2015 .

[5]  Nele De Belie,et al.  The efficiency of self-healing cementitious materials by means of encapsulated polyurethane in chloride containing environments , 2014 .

[6]  Carmen Andrade,et al.  The effect of macrocells between active and passive areas of steel reinforcements , 1992 .

[7]  Stéphanie Bonnet,et al.  Influence of traversing crack on chloride diffusion into concrete , 2008 .

[8]  B. Oh,et al.  Effect of crack width on chloride diffusion coefficients of concrete by steady-state migration tests , 2011 .

[9]  Johan Ahlström,et al.  Influence of chloride and moisture content on steel rebar corrosion in concrete , 2016 .

[10]  N. De Belie,et al.  Self-healing of moving cracks in concrete by means of encapsulated polymer precursors , 2016 .

[11]  Christoph Gehlen,et al.  Einfluss einer Betonbeschichtung auf die Mechanismen der Bewehrungskorrosion in gerissenem Stahlbeton , 2017 .

[12]  Hans Beushausen,et al.  Corrosion in cracked and uncracked concrete – influence of crack width, concrete quality and crack reopening , 2010 .

[13]  Carolyn M. Dry,et al.  Smart multiphase composite materials that repair themselves by a release of liquids that become solids , 1994, Smart Structures.

[14]  Carmen Andrade,et al.  Advances in Modeling Concrete Service Life , 2012 .

[15]  B. Šavija,et al.  Chloride ingress in cracked concrete- a literature review , 2012 .

[16]  Carolyn M. Hansson,et al.  The influence of cracks on chloride-induced corrosion of steel in ordinary Portland cement and high performance concretes subjected to different loading conditions , 2008 .

[17]  Aci.  Causes, Evaluation, and Repair of Cracks in Concrete Structures , 1993 .

[18]  Michael Raupach,et al.  Deterioration model and input parameters for reinforcement corrosion , 2012 .

[19]  N. Belie,et al.  Resistance to chloride penetration of self-healing concrete with encapsulated polyuretyhane , 2016 .

[20]  M. Raupach.  CHLORIDE-INDUCED MACROCELL CORROSION OF STEEL IN CONCRETE - THEORETICAL BACKGROUND AND PRACTICAL CONSEQUENCES , 1996 .

[21]  Veerle Cnudde,et al.  Comparison of different approaches for self-healing concrete in a large-scale lab test , 2016 .

[22]  Liu Ronggui,et al.  Experimental Determination Of Chloride Penetration In Cracked Concrete Beams , 2011 .

[23]  Wen Yong Yu,et al.  Experimental Research on the Self-Healing Performance of Micro-Cracks in Concrete Bridge , 2011 .

[24]  Nele De Belie,et al.  Quantification of the Service Life Extension and Environmental Benefit of Chloride Exposed Self-Healing Concrete , 2016, Materials.

[25]  C. Hansson,et al.  Macrocell and Microcell Corrosion of Steel in Ordinary Portland Cement and High Performance Concretes , 2006 .

[26]  N. Belie,et al.  Efficiency of self-healing cementitious materials with encapsulated polyurethane to reduce water ingress through cracks , 2018 .

[27]  Patric Jacobs,et al.  Self-healing efficiency of cementitious materials containing tubular capsules filled with healing agent , 2011 .

[28]  O. Brooker.  Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures , 2018, Design of Structural Elements.

[29]  C. Andrade,et al.  Galvanic currents and corrosion rates of reinforcements measured in cells simulating different pitting areas caused by chloride attack in sodium hydroxide , 2008 .

[30]  Carolyn M. Dry,et al.  Three designs for the internal release of sealants, adhesives, and waterproofing chemicals into concrete to reduce permeability , 2000 .

[31]  Mohsen A. Issa,et al.  INVESTIGATION OF CRACKING IN CONCRETE BRIDGE DECKS AT EARLY AGES , 1999 .

[32]  Chanakya Arya,et al.  Buckling resistance of unstiffened webs , 2009 .

[33]  Michael Raupach,et al.  Laboratory Studies and Calculations on the Influence of Crack Width on Chloride-Induced Corrosion of Steel in Concrete , 1997 .

[34]  N. Otsuki,et al.  Influences of Bending Crack and Water-Cement Ratio on Chloride-Induced Corrosion of Main Reinforcing Bars and Stirrups , 2000 .

[35]  K. Van Tittelboom,et al.  Self‐repair of thermal cracks in concrete sandwich panels , 2015 .

[36]  Abir Al-Tabbaa,et al.  Glass encapsulated minerals for self-healing in cement based composites , 2015 .

[37]  Hans Beushausen,et al.  Chloride-induced corrosion of steel in cracked concrete – Part I: Experimental studies under accelerated and natural marine environments , 2016 .

[38]  U. Angst,et al.  Diffusion potentials as source of error in electrochemical measurements in concrete , 2009 .

[39]  Min Zhou,et al.  Corrosion current distribution of macrocell and microcell of steel bar in concrete exposed to chloride environments , 2013 .