What are the contextual phonetic variants of in colloquial Spanish?

Abstract Intensity differences were used to measure the degree of lenition of the voiced approximants in various contexts in order to contrast them with their stop variants [b, d, g], and in order to investigate the contexts in which they are traditionally thought to appear. 3,011 instances were taken from telephone conversations of eight native Spanish speakers from seven countries. The influence of phonetic context (post-pausal, post-nasal, post-lateral, etc.), stress, word frequency, appearance in a suffix (e.g., -ado, -aba) was determined using multiple regression. In line with traditional analyses, the results show that the voiced approximants are most lenited intervocalically and least lenited after a pause. However, post-nasal and post-lateral instances fall between these extremes. In addition, /β/, , and /γ/ are also more stop-like when following [s] or [h]. Traditional analyses do not factor in the influence of stress, word frequency, word boundaries, or appearance in a suffix, yet these emerge as significant predictors. Although the distribution of the variants of these three approximants is generally thought to be due to a unitary rule, significant differences between the three suggest otherwise. When followed by a stressed syllable, /β/ and exhibit more constriction when compared to /γ/, while all three phones are less lenited when they fall between two stressed syllables. /β/ and are also more constricted when they appear intervocalically in word-initial position when compared to word-internal intervocalic tokens, while the same is not true for /γ/. Contra traditional descriptions, is no less lenited than /β/ or /γ/ following a lateral. Instances of are also more lenited when they appear in high frequency words and less lenited in low frequency words. On the other hand, frequency is not a factor for /β/ and /γ/.

[1]  E. C. Hills,et al.  Manual de Pronunciacion Espanola , 1926 .

[2]  Paul Boersma,et al.  Praat, a system for doing phonetics by computer , 2002 .

[3]  The Scope of Stop Weakening inArgentine Spanish , 2010 .

[4]  E. M. Celdrán Sobre la naturaleza fonética de los alófonos de "b, d, g" en español y sus distintas denominaciones , 1991 .

[5]  Some non-sequential phenomena in German function words , 2001, Journal of the International Phonetic Association.

[6]  M. Carmen,et al.  Stop and spirant alternations : fortition and spirantization processes in Spanish phonology , 1978 .

[7]  José Ignacio Hualde,et al.  Effects of prosodic and segmental context on /g/-lenition in Spanish , 1999 .

[8]  Jon Amastae A Syllable-based Analysis of Spanish Spirantization , 1986 .

[9]  Carlos-Eduardo Piñeros,et al.  Markedness and laziness in Spanish obstruents , 2002 .

[10]  Joan Bybee Joan Bybee: Phonology and Language Use , 2004, Phonetica.

[11]  Carolina González,et al.  Phonetic variation in voiced obstruents in North-Central Peninsular Spanish , 2002, Journal of the International Phonetic Association.

[12]  Paul Kiparsky,et al.  Lexical Phonology and Morphology , 1982 .

[13]  Joan L. Bybee,et al.  On lexical and morphological conditioning of alternations: a nonce-probe experiment with Spanish verbs , 1981 .

[14]  Eugenio Martínez-Celdrán,et al.  Spirant approximants in Galician , 2008, Journal of the International Phonetic Association.

[15]  Joan L. Bybee,et al.  Word frequency and context of use in the lexical diffusion of phonetically conditioned sound change , 2002, Language Variation and Change.

[16]  Michael Kenstowicz,et al.  Phonology In Generative Grammar , 1994 .

[17]  An Analysis of Frequency as a Factor Contributing to the Diffusion of Variable Phenomena : Evidence from Spanish Data , 2010 .

[18]  Dani Byrd,et al.  Influences on articulatory timing in consonant sequences , 1996 .

[19]  C. Browman,et al.  Articulatory Phonology: An Overview , 1992, Phonetica.

[20]  D. Lincoln Lincoln Canfield,et al.  Spanish Pronunciation in the Americas , 1981 .

[21]  Fonología generativa contemporánea de la lengua española , 2001 .

[22]  Michelle Annette Minnick Fox,et al.  Usage -based effects in Latin American Spanish syllable -final /s/ lenition , 2006 .