Stereotactic body radiation therapy: an ablative treatment option for primary and secondary liver tumors.

Only a subset of patients with primary and secondary liver tumors are eligible for surgical resection because of either the presence of extrahepatic disease, increased number of hepatic lesions, the anatomical distribution of tumors within the liver, and/or general medical inoperability. Nonsurgical, ablative tumor treatment may benefit selected patients by preserving normal liver function. This review presents the concept and technology of stereotactic body radiation therapy and summarizes available clinical data describing applications in the treatment of malignant liver tumors. We present predominantly peer-reviewed data but also summarize recent clinical developments along with discussions of current ongoing and planned multicenter studies.

[1]  T. Wobbes,et al.  Long‐term results of treating hepatic colorectal metastases with cryosurgery , 2001, The British journal of surgery.

[2]  R. T. Ten Haken,et al.  Treatment of intrahepatic cancers with radiation doses based on a normal tissue complication probability model. , 1998, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[3]  J. McGahan,et al.  Radiofrequency ablation of the liver: current status. , 2001, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[4]  D. Kondziolka,et al.  Analysis of tumor control and toxicity in patients who have survived at least one year after radiosurgery for brain metastases. , 2003, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[5]  F. Lohr,et al.  Stereotactic single-dose radiation therapy of liver tumors: results of a phase I/II trial. , 2001, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[6]  Stereotaktische Bestrahlung von Lebermetastasen , 2001, Der Radiologe.

[7]  I. Lax,et al.  Radiosurgery for Tumors in the Body: Clinical Experience Using a New Method , 1998 .

[8]  U Oppitz,et al.  Stereotactic radiotherapy of extracranial targets: CT-simulation and accuracy of treatment in the stereotactic body frame. , 2000, Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology.

[9]  F Lohr,et al.  Extracranial stereotactic radiation therapy: set-up accuracy of patients treated for liver metastases. , 2000, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[10]  I. Lax,et al.  Stereotactic radiotherapy of malignancies in the abdomen. Methodological aspects. , 1994, Acta oncologica.

[11]  F. Lohr,et al.  Radiosurgery alone or in combination with whole-brain radiotherapy for brain metastases. , 1998, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[12]  Takashi Shibata,et al.  Microwave coagulation therapy for multiple hepatic metastases from colorectal carcinoma , 2000, Cancer.

[13]  R D Timmerman,et al.  Quantitative Analysis of Three-dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy Techniques for Posterior Fossa Treatment in Children , 2003, Technology in cancer research & treatment.

[14]  P. Schneider,et al.  Hepatic Resection of Coiorectal Metastases: Influence of Clinical Factors and Adjuvant Intraperitoneal 5‐Fluorouracil via Tenckhoff Catheter on Survival , 1985, Annals of surgery.

[15]  Richard Stang,et al.  Resection of colorectal liver metastases , 1997, Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery.

[16]  Thomas J Vogl,et al.  Image-guided tumor ablation: proposal for standardization of terms and reporting criteria. , 2003, Radiology.

[17]  F. Lohr,et al.  Noninvasive patient fixation for extracranial stereotactic radiotherapy. , 1999, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[18]  I. Lax.  Target dose versus extratarget dose in stereotactic radiosurgery. , 1993, Acta oncologica.

[19]  E F Halpern,et al.  Percutaneous radio-frequency ablation of hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer: long-term results in 117 patients. , 2001, Radiology.

[20]  Toshihito Seki,et al.  Percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy for patients with small hepatocellular carcinoma , 1999, Cancer.

[21]  G. van Kaick,et al.  Assessment of focal liver reaction by multiphasic CT after stereotactic single-dose radiotherapy of liver tumors. , 2003, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[22]  Lech Papiez,et al.  Extracranial Stereotactic Radiation Delivery: Expansion of Technology Beyond the Brain , 2003, Technology in cancer research & treatment.

[23]  S. Fan,et al.  Improving Survival Results After Resection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Prospective Study of 377 Patients Over 10 Years , 2001, Annals of surgery.

[24]  Michael Flentje,et al.  Stereotactic Radiotherapy of Targets in the Lung and Liver , 2001, Strahlentherapie und Onkologie.

[25]  D. Allegra,et al.  Radiofrequency Ablation in 447 Complex Unresectable Liver Tumors: Lessons Learned , 2003, Annals of Surgical Oncology.

[26]  [Stereotactic irradiation of liver metastases]. , 2001, Der Radiologe.

[27]  H. Bismuth,et al.  A comparison of percutaneous cryosurgery and percutaneous radiofrequency for unresectable hepatic malignancies. , 2002, Archives of surgery.

[28]  I. Lax,et al.  Stereotactic high dose fraction radiation therapy of extracranial tumors using an accelerator. Clinical experience of the first thirty-one patients. , 1995, Acta oncologica.

[29]  Daniel Normolle,et al.  Analysis of radiation-induced liver disease using the Lyman NTCP model. , 2002, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.