Performance analysis of probabilistic multi-path geographic routing in wireless sensor networks

We present a theoretical performance analysis of network lifetime for sensor networks that route packets through multiple paths between a source and destination pair. Our analysis is based on the length of the paths established and we show how this value can be used to estimate the lifetime of the sensor network. Through our analysis, we show how much the network lifetime can be increased when additional paths are established between source and destination. We divide our analysis in two parts: 1) when the probability of link-level retransmission is negligible; 2) when it is significant. In the former case, we develop analytical closed-form equations that allow us to compute the expected network lifetime. In the latter case, we develop theoretical tools that allow us to compute the probability distribution function of the network lifetime and we show simulation results that confirm our theoretical analysis. We also demonstrate how to estimate the increase in network lifetime when more than one path is added. We also compute the probabilities of packet forwarding for each path that maximise the gain in network lifetime.

[1]  Shivendra S. Panwar,et al.  Wireless video transport using path diversity: multiple description vs layered coding , 2002, Proceedings. International Conference on Image Processing.

[2]  Brad Karp,et al.  GPSR: greedy perimeter stateless routing for wireless networks , 2000, MobiCom '00.

[3]  David E. Culler,et al.  Mica: A Wireless Platform for Deeply Embedded Networks , 2002, IEEE Micro.

[4]  Tarek F. Abdelzaher,et al.  Range-free localization schemes for large scale sensor networks , 2003, MobiCom '03.

[5]  Leandros Tassiulas,et al.  Energy conserving routing in wireless ad-hoc networks , 2000, Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM 2000. Conference on Computer Communications. Nineteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (Cat. No.00CH37064).

[6]  Sartaj Sahni,et al.  An online heuristic for maximum lifetime routing in wireless sensor networks , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Computers.

[7]  Chorng Hwa Chang,et al.  Probabilistic-Based Energy Aware Routing for Network Lifetime and Source Level Fairness in Wireless Sensor Networks , 2006, 2006 International Conference on Systems and Networks Communications (ICSNC'06).

[8]  B. R. Badrinath,et al.  Ad hoc positioning system (APS) , 2001, GLOBECOM'01. IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Cat. No.01CH37270).

[9]  Parameswaran Ramanathan,et al.  Sensor deployment strategy for target detection , 2002, WSNA '02.

[10]  Preetha Thulasiraman,et al.  Disjoint Multipath Routing to Two Distinct Drains in a Multi-Drain Sensor Network , 2007, IEEE INFOCOM 2007 - 26th IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications.

[11]  Chen Zhang,et al.  ExScal: elements of an extreme scale wireless sensor network , 2005, 11th IEEE International Conference on Embedded and Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications (RTCSA'05).

[12]  Anantha Chandrakasan,et al.  Bounding the lifetime of sensor networks via optimal role assignments , 2002, Proceedings.Twenty-First Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies.

[13]  Deborah Estrin,et al.  Geography-informed energy conservation for Ad Hoc routing , 2001, MobiCom '01.

[14]  Shanping Li,et al.  Node-disjoint parallel multi-path routing in wireless sensor networks , 2005, Second International Conference on Embedded Software and Systems (ICESS'05).

[15]  Pramod K. Varshney,et al.  Distributed Detection and Data Fusion , 1996 .

[16]  Vincent W. S. Wong,et al.  An Energy-Efficient Multipath Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks , 2006, IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference.

[17]  Qun Li,et al.  Three power-aware routing algorithms for sensor networks , 2003, Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comput..

[18]  John Anderson,et al.  Wireless sensor networks for habitat monitoring , 2002, WSNA '02.

[19]  S. Sitharama Iyengar,et al.  Grid Coverage for Surveillance and Target Location in Distributed Sensor Networks , 2002, IEEE Trans. Computers.

[20]  Parameswaran Ramanathan,et al.  Distributed target classification and tracking in sensor networks , 2003 .

[21]  B. Karp,et al.  GPSR : greedy perimeter stateless routing for wireless sensor networks , 2000, MobiCom 2000.

[22]  Panganamala Ramana Kumar,et al.  Maximizing the functional lifetime of sensor networks , 2005, IPSN 2005. Fourth International Symposium on Information Processing in Sensor Networks, 2005..

[23]  Chenyang Lu,et al.  A spatiotemporal communication protocol for wireless sensor networks , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems.

[24]  Madhav V. Marathe,et al.  Parametric probabilistic sensor network routing , 2003, WSNA '03.

[25]  Mani Srivastava,et al.  Overview of sensor networks , 2004 .

[26]  Leandros Tassiulas,et al.  Routing for network capacity maximization in energy-constrained ad-hoc networks , 2003, IEEE INFOCOM 2003. Twenty-second Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37428).

[27]  Tian He,et al.  Range-free localization schemes in large scale sensor network , 2003, MobiCom 2003.

[28]  Marwan Krunz,et al.  Disjoint multipath routing using colored trees , 2007, Comput. Networks.

[29]  Miodrag Potkonjak,et al.  Coverage problems in wireless ad-hoc sensor networks , 2001, Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM 2001. Conference on Computer Communications. Twentieth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Society (Cat. No.01CH37213).

[30]  Anish Arora,et al.  On the lifetime analysis of always-on wireless sensor network applications , 2005, IEEE International Conference on Mobile Adhoc and Sensor Systems Conference, 2005..

[31]  G. Asada,et al.  Wireless integrated network sensors: Low power systems on a chip , 1998, Proceedings of the 24th European Solid-State Circuits Conference.

[32]  Deborah Estrin,et al.  Self-configuring localization systems: Design and Experimental Evaluation , 2004, TECS.

[33]  Guoliang Xing,et al.  On greedy geographic routing algorithms in sensing-covered networks , 2004, MobiHoc '04.

[34]  Jeongyeup Paek,et al.  A wireless sensor network for structural health monitoring: performance and experience , 2005, The Second IEEE Workshop on Embedded Networked Sensors, 2005. EmNetS-II..

[35]  Deborah Estrin,et al.  GPS-less low-cost outdoor localization for very small devices , 2000, IEEE Wirel. Commun..

[36]  Nael B. Abu-Ghazaleh,et al.  Towards resilient geographic routing in WSNs , 2005, Q2SWinet '05.

[37]  Zhen Liu,et al.  Maximum lifetime routing in wireless ad-hoc networks , 2004, IEEE INFOCOM 2004.

[38]  Leandros Tassiulas,et al.  Maximum lifetime routing in wireless sensor networks , 2004, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking.

[39]  Xiaoqiao Meng,et al.  Real-time forest fire detection with wireless sensor networks , 2005, Proceedings. 2005 International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing, 2005..

[40]  Yu Hen Hu,et al.  Detection, classification, and tracking of targets , 2002, IEEE Signal Process. Mag..

[41]  Anantha Chandrakasan,et al.  Upper bounds on the lifetime of sensor networks , 2001, ICC 2001. IEEE International Conference on Communications. Conference Record (Cat. No.01CH37240).

[42]  Ivan Stojmenovic,et al.  Sensor Networks , 2005 .

[43]  Shivendra S. Panwar,et al.  Reliable transmission of video over ad-hoc networks using automatic repeat request and multipath transport , 2001, IEEE 54th Vehicular Technology Conference. VTC Fall 2001. Proceedings (Cat. No.01CH37211).

[44]  Hari Balakrishnan,et al.  6th ACM/IEEE International Conference on on Mobile Computing and Networking (ACM MOBICOM ’00) The Cricket Location-Support System , 2022 .

[45]  Miodrag Potkonjak,et al.  Exposure in wireless Ad-Hoc sensor networks , 2001, MobiCom '01.

[46]  Deborah Estrin,et al.  Guest Editors' Introduction: Overview of Sensor Networks , 2004, Computer.

[47]  Deborah Estrin,et al.  Self-configuring localization systems , 2002 .

[48]  Deborah Estrin,et al.  Geographical and Energy Aware Routing: a recursive data dissemination protocol for wireless sensor networks , 2002 .