Biocompatible and Photostable AIE Dots with Red Emission for In Vivo Two-Photon Bioimaging

Bioimaging systems with cytocompatibility, photostability, red fluorescence, and optical nonlinearity are in great demand. Herein we report such a bioimaging system. Integration of tetraphenylethene (T), triphenylamine (T), and fumaronitrile (F) units yielded adduct TTF with aggregation-induced emission (AIE). Nanodots of the AIE fluorogen with efficient red emission were fabricated by encapsulating TTF with phospholipid. The AIE dots enabled three-dimensional dynamic imaging with high resolution in blood vessels of mouse brain under two-photon excitation.

[1]  Sailing He,et al.  Photosensitizer encapsulated organically modified silica nanoparticles for direct two-photon photodynamic therapy and in vivo functional imaging. , 2012, Biomaterials.

[2]  Julien Gravier,et al.  Fluorescent Nanoprobes Dedicated to in Vivo Imaging: From Preclinical Validations to Clinical Translation , 2012, Molecules.

[3]  Kai Yang,et al.  Graphene in mice: ultrahigh in vivo tumor uptake and efficient photothermal therapy. , 2010, Nano letters.

[4]  Ka Ming Ng,et al.  Cytophilic Fluorescent Bioprobes for Long‐Term Cell Tracking , 2011, Advanced materials.

[5]  Adela C. Bonoiu,et al.  Aggregation‐Enhanced Fluorescence in Organically Modified Silica Nanoparticles: A Novel Approach toward High‐Signal‐Output Nanoprobes for Two‐Photon Fluorescence Bioimaging , 2007 .

[6]  Adela C. Bonoiu,et al.  Nanotechnology approach for drug addiction therapy: Gene silencing using delivery of gold nanorod-siRNA nanoplex in dopaminergic neurons , 2009, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[7]  Ben Zhong Tang,et al.  Luminogenic polymers with aggregation-induced emission characteristics , 2012 .

[8]  M. Kerschensteiner,et al.  Neuroimaging: In vivo imaging of the diseased nervous system , 2006, Nature Reviews Neuroscience.

[9]  A. Jen,et al.  Enhancement of Aggregation‐Induced Emission in Dye‐Encapsulating Polymeric Micelles for Bioimaging , 2010 .

[10]  Philip S Low,et al.  In vitro and in vivo two-photon luminescence imaging of single gold nanorods. , 2005, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[11]  E. Stachowiak,et al.  Organically modified silica nanoparticles: a nonviral vector for in vivo gene delivery and expression in the brain. , 2005, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[12]  Todd Emrick,et al.  PEGylated polymers for medicine: from conjugation to self-assembled systems. , 2010, Chemical communications.

[13]  Sailing He,et al.  Aggregation-enhanced fluorescence in PEGylated phospholipid nanomicelles for in vivo imaging. , 2011, Biomaterials.

[14]  Vincent Noireaux,et al.  In Vivo Imaging of Quantum Dots Encapsulated in Phospholipid Micelles , 2002, Science.

[15]  S. Charpak,et al.  Water-soluble dendrimeric two-photon tracers for in vivo imaging. , 2006, Angewandte Chemie.

[16]  Kai Li,et al.  Photostable fluorescent organic dots with aggregation-induced emission (AIE dots) for noninvasive long-term cell tracing , 2013, Scientific Reports.

[17]  Mykhailo V Bondar,et al.  Folate receptor-targeted aggregation-enhanced near-IR emitting silica nanoprobe for one-photon in vivo and two-photon ex vivo fluorescence bioimaging. , 2011, Bioconjugate chemistry.

[18]  Ji‐Xin Cheng,et al.  Visualizing systemic clearance and cellular level biodistribution of gold nanorods by intrinsic two-photon luminescence. , 2009, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[19]  B. Liu,et al.  Eccentric loading of fluorogen with aggregation-induced emission in PLGA matrix increases nanoparticle fluorescence quantum yield for targeted cellular imaging. , 2013, Small.

[20]  Muthu Kumara Gnanasammandhan,et al.  Optical imaging-guided cancer therapy with fluorescent nanoparticles , 2010, Journal of The Royal Society Interface.

[21]  Ben Zhong Tang,et al.  Ultrabright Organic Dots with Aggregation‐Induced Emission Characteristics for Real‐Time Two‐Photon Intravital Vasculature Imaging , 2013, Advanced materials.

[22]  Jürgen Popp,et al.  Introduction to Biophotonics , 2018, Biophotonics.

[23]  P. Prasad,et al.  Intraparticle energy transfer and fluorescence photoconversion in nanoparticles : An optical highlighter nanoprobe for two-photon bioimaging , 2007 .

[24]  H S Kwok,et al.  Aggregation-induced emission of 1-methyl-1,2,3,4,5-pentaphenylsilole. , 2001, Chemical communications.

[25]  J. B. Birks,et al.  Photophysics of aromatic molecules , 1970 .

[26]  Martin Oheim,et al.  Two-photon imaging of capillary blood flow in olfactory bulb glomeruli , 2003, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[27]  Ben Zhong Tang,et al.  Biocompatible Nanoparticles with Aggregation‐Induced Emission Characteristics as Far‐Red/Near‐Infrared Fluorescent Bioprobes for In Vitro and In Vivo Imaging Applications , 2012 .

[28]  D. Ding,et al.  Bioprobes based on AIE fluorogens. , 2013, Accounts of chemical research.

[29]  Xungai Wang,et al.  Graphene oxide nanoparticles as a nonbleaching optical probe for two-photon luminescence imaging and cell therapy. , 2012, Angewandte Chemie.

[30]  Lise Arleth,et al.  In vitro characterization of PEGylated phospholipid micelles for improved drug solubilization: effects of PEG chain length and PC incorporation. , 2004, Journal of pharmaceutical sciences.

[31]  Sailing He,et al.  Observation of multiphoton-induced fluorescence from graphene oxide nanoparticles and applications in in vivo functional bioimaging. , 2012, Angewandte Chemie.

[32]  Zhuang Liu,et al.  Nano-graphene oxide for cellular imaging and drug delivery , 2008, Nano research.

[33]  W. Webb,et al.  Water-Soluble Quantum Dots for Multiphoton Fluorescence Imaging in Vivo , 2003, Science.

[34]  Paras N Prasad,et al.  Organically modified silica nanoparticles co-encapsulating photosensitizing drug and aggregation-enhanced two-photon absorbing fluorescent dye aggregates for two-photon photodynamic therapy. , 2007, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[35]  Vasilis Ntziachristos,et al.  Shedding light onto live molecular targets , 2003, Nature Medicine.