Lidocaine on Target-Controlled Infusi Comparison of Effects of Thoracic Epidural and Intravenous Administration of on of Propofol and Tracheal Intubation Response During Induction of Anesthesia

Objective: To compare the effects of thoracic epidural anesthesia (TEA) and intravenous (IV) lidocaine on the effect-site concentration (Ce) of propofol target-controlled infusion (TCI) and the intubation-induced stress responses during general IV anesthesia induction. Design: A prospective, randomized trial. Setting: A university hospital. Participants: Sixty patients undergoing elective surgery for thoracotomies. Interventions: Patients scheduled for thoracotomies were divided into 3 groups as group TEA, group IV, and control group. Group TEA or group IV received the same doses but not the same concentration of lidocaine via TEA (0.15 mL/kg of 1.35% lidocaine) or IV (2 mg/kg of 2% lidocaine), respectively, 15 minutes before induction of anesthesia, and the control group received the same volume of 0.9% normal saline epidurally. Measurements and Main Results: Heart rate and mean arterial pressure as well as the time to loss of consciousness (LOC), total doses of propofol TCI, and Ce at LOC were

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