Synthesis of Polycrystalline Ruddlesden–Popper Organic Lead Halides and Their Growth Dynamics

Ruddlesden–Popper organic lead halides (RPOLHs) are in the material science spotlight because of their remarkable optoelectronic properties, tailorable compositions, and improved ambient stability over their three-dimensional perovskite analogues. In this report, we introduce a new synthesis method for RPOLHs with general composition L2[FAPbI3]n−1PbI4 [L = butylammonium (BA) or benzylammonium (BZA), FA = formamidinium, and n = 1 and 2]. Our method yields polycrystalline materials useful for thin-film fabrication for optoelectronic applications. Furthermore, we report the growth dynamics of BA2[FAPbI3]PbI4 using in situ small-angle X-ray scattering, revealing that the slabs grow within the first seconds of the reaction and then self-assemble into bulk crystallites.

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