3-Dimensional weaving

3-Dimensional woven fabrics are fabricated by modifying the conventional weaving mechanisms. The technology is used for the production of only specialty industrial fabrics such as for making preforms for construction, automotive, ballistic, and marine applications like carbon fibre preforms for high-performance powerboats, sports goods and various industrial applications. Preforms made by 3D weaving provide several important advantages in composites fabrication. The most important advantage of this material is observed in manufacturing thick composites, owed to a significantly reduced labor time, when multiple layers of 2-dimensional fabric plies are replaced by one or few number of 3-dimensional plies to achieve the required thickness in a composite structure. 3D preforms appear to be better than the most conformable 2D fabrics. The flexural, tensile and compressive stiffness and strength are better in laminates made from 3D preforms than those made from comparable 2D woven or even knitted fabrics mainly due to the absence of in-plane crimp of yarns in the materials.

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