Tropospheric budget of reactive chlorine
暂无分享,去创建一个
[1] E. Eriksson. The Yearly Circulation of Chloride and Sulfur in Nature; Meteorological, Geochemical and Pedological Implications. Part II , 1959 .
[2] C. Block,et al. Inorganic composition of Belgian coals and coal ashes , 1975 .
[3] Alternative Fluorocarbon environmental Acceptability Study. Scientific assessment of stratospheric ozone, 1989 , 1989 .
[4] J. W. Winchester,et al. Seawater and nonseawater aerosol components in the marine atmosphere of Samoa , 1981 .
[5] K. Nayak,et al. Academic job market [2] , 1988 .
[6] R. Rasmussen,et al. Atmospheric Trace Gases: Trends and Distributions Over the Last Decade , 1986, Science.
[7] J. Homolya,et al. Measurement of gaseous hydrogen chloride emissions from municipal refuse energy recovery systems in the United States , 1979 .
[8] T. Y. Palmer. Combustion sources of atmospheric chlorine , 1976, Nature.
[9] J. Langstaff,et al. NAPAP Emissions Inventory (Version 2): Development of the annual data and modelers' tapes, 1985. Final report , 1989 .
[10] M. Manning,et al. The episodic nature of the atmospheric rusting of steel , 1990 .
[11] L. Nowell,et al. Photolysis of aqueous chlorine at sunlight and ultraviolet wavelengths—I. Degradation rates , 1992 .
[12] F. Meixner,et al. Vertical profiles of hydrogen chloride in the troposphere , 1984 .
[13] J. Seinfeld,et al. Chemical mass accounting of urban aerosol. , 1981, Environmental science & technology.
[14] R. W. Shaw,et al. Characterization of the aerosol in the Great Smoky Mountains. , 1980, Environmental science & technology.
[15] D. Erickson,et al. On the global flux of atmospheric sea salt , 1988 .
[16] R. Moore,et al. Measurements of methyl chloride in the northwest Atlantic , 1994 .
[17] S. Wofsy,et al. Tropospheric chemistry: A global perspective , 1981 .
[18] R. Ferek,et al. Measurement of volatile organic chemicals at selected sites in California , 1992 .
[19] P. Midgley. The production and release to the atmosphere of 1,1,1-trichloroethane (methyl chloroform) , 1989 .
[20] L. Hager,et al. Methyl chloride transferase: a carbocation route for biosynthesis of halometabolites. , 1990, Science.
[21] R. Duce,et al. Tropospheric Halogen Gases: Inorganic and Organic Components , 1976, Science.
[22] E. Goldberg,et al. Fossil Fuel Combustion and the Major Sedimentary Cycle , 1971, Science.
[23] H. Singh,et al. Atmospheric Halocarbons, Hydrocarbons, and Sulfur Hexafluoride: Global Distributions, Sources, and Sinks , 1979, Science.
[24] James F. Kasting,et al. Chlorine-hydrocarbon photochemistry in the marine troposphere and lower stratosphere , 1988 .
[25] H. Mouri,et al. Shattering and modification of sea‐salt particles in the marine atmosphere , 1993 .
[26] T. Wiedmann,et al. Global distribution of tetrachloroethene in the troposphere: measurements and modeling. , 1994, Environmental science & technology.
[27] K. Kaiser,et al. Polyelectrolytes: Potential Chloroform Precursors , 1977, Science.
[28] S. Kutsuna,et al. A product study of the OH radical initiated oxidation of perchloroethylene and trichloroethylene , 1994 .
[29] W. D. Woolley. Decomposition products of PVC for studies of fires , 1971 .
[30] K. Ballschmiter,et al. Chemistry of organic traces in air , 1986 .
[31] J. Collén,et al. Formation and distribution of halogenated volatile organics in sea water , 1995 .
[32] T. Graedel,et al. Degradation of materials in the atmosphere , 1986 .
[33] P. Crutzen,et al. A two-dimensional photochemical model of the atmosphere: 1. Chlorocarbon emissions and their effect on stratospheric ozone , 1983 .
[34] G. Fuchs,et al. Ionen-chromatographische Bestimmung yon Chloracetat und Dichloracetat in Niederschlagswasserproben , 1987 .
[35] H. Singh,et al. Measurements of some potentially hazardous organic chemicals in urban environments , 1981 .
[36] J. Galloway,et al. The composition of precipitation on Amsterdam Island, Indian Ocean , 1984 .
[37] G. Likens,et al. The composition of precipitation in remote areas of the world , 1982 .
[38] M. Molina,et al. Chemical kinetics and photochemical data for use in stratospheric modeling , 1985 .
[39] Ann Thayer,et al. Degradable Plastics Generate Controversy in Solid Waste Issues: Concerns and questions over environmental fate and role of degradable plastics in solid waste management are fostering debate on definitions and standards of new materials and products , 1990 .
[40] E. Mcwilliams,et al. Atmospheric chloride: Its implication for foliar uptake and damage , 1987 .
[41] G. Helas,et al. On sources and sinks of phosgene in the troposphere , 1992 .
[42] J. Lovelock,et al. Distribution of atmospheric halocarbons in the air over the Los Angeles basin. , 1974, Atmospheric environment.
[43] R. Atkinson,et al. Tropospheric transformation products of a series of hydrofluorocarbons and hydrochlorofluorocarbons , 1993 .
[44] T. Ohta,et al. Local distribution of chlorinated hydrocarbons in the ambient air in Tokyo , 1976 .
[45] M. Andreae,et al. Chemistry of marine aerosol over the tropical and equatorial Pacific , 1986 .
[46] M. Zahniser,et al. Uptake of HCl molecules by aqueous sulfuric acid droplets as a function of acid concentration , 1990 .
[47] P. Solomon,et al. Hydrochloric acid: A regional perspective on concentrations and formation in the atmosphere of Southern California , 1991 .
[48] J. Galloway,et al. The biogeochemical cycling of formic and acetic acids through the troposphere: an overview of current understanding , 1988 .
[49] D. I. Sebacher,et al. HCl in rocket exhaust clouds - Atmospheric dispersion, acid aerosol characteristics, and acid rain deposition , 1983 .
[50] D. R. Forshey,et al. Coal mine combustion products: neoprenes, polyvinyl chloride compositions, urethane foam, and wood. [Toxicity of products] , 1974 .
[51] R. Duce,et al. Further consideration of alkali and alkaline earth geochemistry of marine aerosols: Results of a study of marine aerosols collected on Bermuda , 1977 .
[52] E. Atlas,et al. Alkyl nitrates, nonmethane hydrocarbons, and halocarbon gases over the equatorial Pacific Ocean during Saga 3 , 1993 .
[53] J. Prospero,et al. Non-sea-salt sulfate and nitrate in trade wind aerosols at Barbados: Evidence for long-range transport , 1989 .
[54] R. Prinn,et al. Global Three-Dimensional Model Calculations of the Budgets and Present-Day Atmospheric Lifetimes of , 1989 .
[55] A. Barbe,et al. Ground based spectroscopic measurements of HCl , 1980 .
[56] L. L. Spiller,et al. Sulfuric acid aerosols and HCl release in coastal atmospheres: Evidence of rapid formation of sulfuric acid particulates , 1980 .
[57] K. Willeke. Performance of the slotted impactor. , 1975, American Industrial Hygiene Association journal.
[58] W. Chameides,et al. Aqueous‐phase chemical processes in deliquescent sea‐salt aerosols: A mechanism that couples the atmospheric cycles of S and sea salt , 1992 .
[59] R. Rasmussen,et al. Halogenated compound identification and measurement in the troposphere and lower stratosphere , 1977 .
[60] M. Khalil,et al. Arctic haze: Patterns and relationships to regional signatures of trace gases , 1993 .
[61] L. Heidt,et al. Trace gases in the Antarctic atmosphere , 1989 .
[62] M. Kritz,et al. Diurnal fluctuations of Br and I in the tropical marine atmosphere , 1980 .
[63] D. Jacob,et al. Comment on "Aqueous phase chemical processes in deliquescent sea-salt aerosols: A mechanism that couples the atmospheric cycles of S and sea salt" by W. L. Chameides and A. W. Stelson , 1993 .
[64] A Goldman,et al. Infrared measurements of HF and HCl total column abundances above Kitt Peak, 1977-1990: seasonal cycles, long-term increases, and comparisons with model calculations. , 1991, Journal of geophysical research.
[65] R. Rasmussen,et al. Survey and analysis of halocarbons in the atmosphere by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry , 1975 .
[66] P. Fabian. Halogenated Hydrocarbons in the Atmosphere , 1986 .
[67] B. Finlayson‐Pitts,et al. Formation of chemically active chlorine compounds by reactions of atmospheric NaCl particles with gaseous N2O5 and ClONO2 , 1989, Nature.
[68] D. Klemp,et al. An upper limit on the HCl near-surface mixing ratio over the Atlantic measured using TDLAS , 1992 .
[69] M. Andreae. Marine aerosol chemistry at Cape Grim, Tasmania, and Townsville, Queensland , 1982 .
[70] A. Mcculloch. Sources of hydrochlorofluorocarbons, hydrofluorocarbons and fluorocarbons and their potential emissions during the next twenty five years , 1994, Environmental monitoring and assessment.
[71] D. I. Sebacher,et al. Distribution and geochemistry of aerosols in the tropical north Atlantic troposphere: Relationship to Saharan dust , 1986 .
[72] David B. Harper,et al. Halomethane from halide ion—a highly efficient fungal conversion of environmental significance , 1985, Nature.
[73] W. Schroeder,et al. Formation of nitrosyl chloride from salt particles in air , 1974 .
[74] J. Prospero,et al. The temporal and spatial variability of scavenging ratios for NSS sulfate, nitrate, methanesulfonate and sodium in the Atmosphere over the North Atalantic Ocean , 1993 .
[75] J. Dignon,et al. Global Emissions of Nitrogen and Sulfur Oxides in Fossil Fuel Combustion 1970–1986 , 1992 .
[76] J. Watson,et al. APCA Specialty Conference Workshop on Baseline Data for Inhalable Particulate Matter , 1980 .
[77] P. Haagenson,et al. A study of marine aerosols over the Pacific Ocean , 1986 .
[78] S. M. Wall,et al. A new method for nitric acid and nitrate aerosol measurement using the dichotomous sampler , 1988 .
[79] K. Beck,et al. Chemical consequences of mixing atmospheric droplets of varied pH , 1988 .
[80] R. Harriss,et al. Chlorine loss from Puerto Rican and San Francisco Bay area marine aerosols , 1973 .
[81] C. B. Farmer,et al. Spectroscopic detection and vertical distribution of HCl in the troposphere and stratosphere , 1976 .
[82] M. Garstang,et al. Aerosol chemistry during the wet season in central Amazonia - The influence of long-range transport , 1990 .
[83] F. E. Livingston,et al. The reaction of gaseous N2O5 with solid NaCl at 298 K: Estimated lower limit to the reaction probability and its potential role in tropospheric and stratospheric chemistry , 1991 .
[84] Paul H. Brunner,et al. Alternative Methods for the Analysis of Municipal Solid Waste , 1986 .
[85] J. W. Winchester,et al. Characterization of the atmospheric aerosol over the eastern equatorial Pacific , 1983 .
[86] K. Bächmann,et al. Determination of tropospheric phosgene and other halocarbons by capillary gas chromatography , 1989 .
[87] Roy M. Harrison,et al. Size-differentiated composition of inorganic atmospheric aerosols of both marine and polluted continental origin , 1983 .
[88] J. E. Yocom. Indoor - outdoor air quality relationships: a critical review , 1982 .
[89] G. Gribble. Naturally Occurring Organohalogen Compounds--A Survey , 1992 .
[90] J. W. Winchester,et al. Iodine, bromine, and chlorine in the Hawaiian marine atmosphere , 1965 .
[91] P. Midgley,et al. The production and release to the atmosphere of chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC 22) , 1993 .
[92] B. Finlayson‐Pitts,et al. Absorption cross sections for gaseous ClNO2 and Cl2 at 298 K: Potential organic oxidant source in the marine troposphere , 1992 .
[93] B. Finlayson‐Pitts. Reaction of NO2 with NaCl and atmospheric implications of NOCl formation , 1983, Nature.
[94] R. Harrison,et al. Measurements of atmospheric HNO3, HCl and associated species on a small network in eastern England , 1990 .
[95] John Toomey,et al. Atmospheric fates of halogenated compounds , 1975 .
[96] K. Ballschmiter,et al. Global baseline pollution studies , 1987 .
[97] Phosgene in the ambient air , 1976, Nature.
[98] N. Dimmock,et al. The determination of hydrogen chloride in ambient air with diffusion/denuder tubes , 1987 .
[99] Paul J. Crutzen,et al. A two‐dimensional photochemical model of the atmosphere: 2. The tropospheric budgets of the anthropogenic chlorocarbons CO, CH4, CH3Cl and the effect of various NO x sources on tropospheric ozone , 1983 .
[100] F. Santis,et al. Evaluation of Atmospheric Acidity — Sampling and Analytical Techniques , 1984 .
[101] J. W. Winchester,et al. Organic and inorganic gaseous chlorine concentrations in relation to the particle size distribution of chloride in the marine aerosol , 1977 .
[102] M. Khalil,et al. Atmospheric Chloroform (CHCl3): ocean-air exchange and Global Mass Balance , 1983 .
[103] G. Gravenhorst. Maritime sulfate over the north Atlantic , 1978 .
[104] R. Cadle. A comparison of volcanic with other fluxes of atmospheric trace gas constituents , 1980 .
[105] Edward V. Browell,et al. Low ozone in the marine boundary layer of the tropical Pacific Ocean: Photochemical loss, chlorine atoms, , 1996 .
[106] G. Likens,et al. Chemistry of precipitation from a remote, terrestrial site in Australia , 1987 .
[107] D. Jacob,et al. Chemical composition of fogwater collected along the California coast. , 1985, Environmental science & technology.
[108] D. Cunnold,et al. The fate of atmospheric phosgene and the stratospheric chlorine loadings of its parent compounds: CCl4, C2Cl4, C2HCL3, CH3CCl3, and CHCl3 , 1995 .
[109] C. A. Johnson,et al. Case studies on the chemical composition of fogwater: The influence of local gaseous emissions , 1987 .
[110] A. Knap,et al. Atmospheric and precipitation chemistry over the North Atlantic Ocean: Shipboard results, April–May 1984 , 1991 .
[111] Marc Reisch. Top 50 Chemicals Production Recovered Last Year , 1993 .
[112] D. Cunnold,et al. Three‐dimensional simulations of atmospheric methyl chloroform: Effect of an ocean sink , 1992 .
[113] D. Grosjean. Liquid chromatography analysis of chloride and nitrate with "negative" ultraviolet detection: ambient levels and relative abundance of gas-phase inorganic and organic acids in southern California. , 1990 .
[114] Delwiche Cc. The Nitrogen Cycle , 1970, Soil Microbiology.
[115] David Cleverly,et al. Regulatory analysis of pollutant emissions, including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (CDDs) and dibenzofurans (CDFs), from the stacks of municipal waste combustors , 1989 .
[116] J. P. Friend. Natural chlorine and fluorine in the atmosphere, water and precipitation , 1990 .
[117] P. Dasgupta,et al. Measurement of atmospheric ammonia , 1989 .
[118] R. Duce,et al. GASEOUS AND PARTICULATE HALOGENS IN THE NEW YORK CITY ATMOSPHERE * , 1979 .
[119] C. Zetzsch,et al. Heterogeneous formation of chlorine atoms from various aerosols in the presence of O3 and HCl , 1989 .
[120] H. Sievering,et al. Size distributions and statistical analysis of nitrate, excess sulfate, and chloride deficit in the marine boundary layer during GCE/CASE/WATOX , 1990 .
[121] R. Stallard,et al. Geochemistry of the Amazon: 1. Precipitation chemistry and the marine contribution to the dissolved load at the time of peak discharge , 1981 .
[122] R. W. Coutant. Effect of environmental variables on collection of atmospheric sulfate , 1977 .
[123] James N. Galloway,et al. Sea‐salt corrections and interpretation of constituent ratios in marine precipitation , 1986 .
[124] C. J. Hahn,et al. Indications of photochemical histories of Pacific air masses from measurements of atmospheric trace species at Point Arena, California , 1992 .
[125] R. Atkinson,et al. Tropospheric degradation products of CH2FCF3 (HFC-134a) , 1993 .
[126] L. Nowell,et al. Photolysis of aqueous chlorine at sunlight and ultraviolet wavelengths—II. Hydroxyl radical production , 1992 .
[127] W. Keene. Inorganic Cl cycling in the marine boundary layer: a review , 1995 .
[128] J. Dignon,et al. Changes in the geographical distributions of global emissions of NOx and SOx from fossil-fuel combustion between 1966 and 1980 , 1988 .
[129] T. Fogg. Absorption of gases by cellulose fiber cascade impactor surfaces , 1986 .
[130] K. Bächmann,et al. Measurements of diurnal concentration variations of gaseous HCl in air in the sub-nanogram range , 1984 .
[131] S. Montzka,et al. Global tropospheric distribution and calibration scale of HCFC‐22 , 1993 .
[132] J. Erisman,et al. Vertical distribution of gases and aerosols: The behaviour of ammonia and related components in the lower atmosphere , 1988 .
[133] R. F. Wright,et al. Experimental verification of episodic acidification of freshwaters by sea salts , 1988, Nature.
[134] J. Prospero,et al. Particle size distribution of nitrate and sulfate in the marine atmosphere , 1982 .
[135] Y. Yokouchi,et al. Measurements of C2‐C6 hydrocarbons during the Polar Sunrise1992 Experiment: Evidence for Cl atom and Br atom chemistry , 1994 .
[136] D. R. Cronn,et al. Characterization of trace gases in 1980 volcanic plumes of Mt. St. Helens , 1982 .
[137] B. Huebert,et al. Airborne aerosol inlet passing efficiency measurement , 1990 .
[138] S. Uchida,et al. The source of hydrogen chloride emission from municipal refuse incinerators , 1988 .
[139] R. E. Larson,et al. The vertical distribution of particulate Na and Cl in a marine atmosphere , 1977 .
[140] K. Ballschmiter,et al. Chemistry of organic traces in air , 1986 .
[141] K. Weathers,et al. Cloudwater chemistry from ten sites in North America , 1988 .
[142] V. Kennedy,et al. Snow chemistry of the Cascade-Sierra Nevada Mountains. , 1986, Environmental science & technology.
[143] D. I. Sebacher,et al. Hydrogen Chloride Measurements in the Space Shuttle Exhaust Cloud-First Launch, April 12,1981 , 1982 .
[144] J. Gossett. Measurement of Henry's law constants for C1 and C2 chlorinated hydrocarbons , 1987 .
[145] S. Friedlander,et al. Chemical element balances and identification of air pollution sources. , 1973, Environmental science & technology.
[146] Menno Keuken,et al. Simultaneous sampling of NH3, HNO3, HC1, SO2 and H2O2 in ambient air by a wet annular denuder system , 1988 .
[147] W. Chameides,et al. Possible atmospheric lifetimes and chemical reaction mechanisms for selected HCFCs, HFCs, CH3CCl3, and their degradation products against dissolution and/or degradation in seawater and cloudwater , 1990 .
[148] B. R. Appel,et al. The measurement of atmospheric hydrochloric acid in southern California , 1991 .
[149] S. Wofsy,et al. HOx, NOx, and ClOx: Their Role in Atmospheric Photochemistry , 1974 .
[150] B. Huebert,et al. Bulk composition of aerosols in the remote troposphere , 1980 .
[151] P. Fraser,et al. Global average concentration and trend for hydroxyl radicals deduced from ALE/GAGE trichloroethane (methyl chloroform) data for 1978–1990 , 1992 .
[152] U. Dayan,et al. An analysis of precipitation chemistry data from Alaska , 1985 .
[153] L. Fritschen,et al. Slash fire atmospheric pollution. , 1970 .
[154] S. Solomon,et al. Measurements of halogenated organic compounds near the tropical tropopause , 1993 .
[155] T. Cerling,et al. Chemical composition of hoarfrost, rime and snow during a winter inversion in Utah, U.S.A. , 1987 .
[156] R. Derwent,et al. Methyl chloride in the stratosphere , 1980, Nature.
[157] J. Galloway,et al. Precipitation composition and its variability in the Southern Indian ocean : Amsterdam, Island, 1980-1987 , 1991 .
[158] W. D. Green. Maritime and mixed maritime‐continental aerosols along the coast of southern California , 1972 .
[159] H. Singh,et al. Selected man‐made halogenated chemicals in the air and oceanic environment , 1983 .
[160] W. Steedman,et al. Melamine ‐ formaldehyde resins II.—Thermal degradation of model compounds and resins , 1971 .
[161] D. Bressan,et al. Fractionation of the elements F, Cl, Na, and K at the sea‐air interface , 1972 .
[162] David Mobley,et al. Historic emissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides in the United States from 1900 to 1980 (journal version) , 1986 .
[163] P. Crutzen,et al. Phosgene measurements in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere , 1988, Nature.
[164] R. Harrison,et al. The use of nylon filters to collect hcl: efficiencies, interferences and ambient concentrations , 1989 .
[165] R. Cicerone. Halogens in the atmosphere , 1981 .
[166] E. M. Patterson,et al. Global measurements of aerosols in remote continental and marine regions: Concentrations, size distributions, and optical properties , 1980 .
[167] A. H. Woodcock,et al. The vertical distribution of the concentration of sea salt in the marine atmosphere near Hawaii , 1984 .
[168] J. Galloway,et al. Measurement technique for inorganic chlorine gases in the marine boundary layer , 1993 .
[169] Imsa Fund,et al. Annual Report 1992-1993 , 1993 .
[170] M. Khalil,et al. The influence of termites on atmospheric trace gases: CH4, CO2, CHCl3, N2O, CO, H2, and light hydrocarbons , 1990 .
[171] C. J. Hahn,et al. Reply [to “Comment on ‘Indications of photochemical histories of Pacific air masses from measurements of atmospheric trace species at Point Arena, California’ by D. D. Parrish et al.”] , 1993 .
[172] M. Kritz,et al. Circulation of Na, Cl, and Br in the tropical marine atmosphere , 1980 .
[173] M. Legrand,et al. Formation of HCl in the Antarctic atmosphere , 1988 .
[174] T. Graedel. Corrosion-related aspects of the chemistry and frequency of occurrence of precipitation , 1986 .
[175] W. John,et al. Measurement of aerosol size distributions for nitrate and major ionic species , 1988 .
[176] J. Levine. Biomass Burning: Its History, Use, and Distribution and Its Impact on Environmental Quality and Global Climate , 1991 .
[177] D. W. Rice,et al. Indoor Corrosion of Metals , 1980 .
[178] J. W. Winchester,et al. Chemical relationships in the North Atlantic marine aerosol , 1977 .
[179] C. Zetzsch,et al. Production of a photolytic precursor of atomic Cl from aerosols and Cl- in the presence of O3 , 1995 .
[180] C. Spicer. Patterns of atmospheric nitrates, sulfate, and hydrogen chloride in the central Ohio River Valley over a one-year period , 1986 .
[181] T. Okita,et al. Determination of gaseous and particulate chloride and fluoride in the atmosphere. , 1974, Atmospheric environment.
[182] Robert C. Harriss,et al. Soluble species in the Arctic summer troposphere - Acidic gases, aerosols, and precipitation , 1992 .
[183] D. Jacob,et al. The geochemical cycling of reactive chlorine through the marine troposphere , 1990 .
[184] P. Lindgren. Diffusion Scrubber-ion chromatography for the measurement of trace levels of atmospheric HCl , 1992 .
[185] D. Rader,et al. A Study of the Effects of Anisokinetic Sampling , 1988 .
[186] D. Jacob,et al. Evidence of inorganic chlorine gases other than hydrogen chloride in marine surface air , 1993 .
[187] H. Caram,et al. Atmospheric diffusion and chemical reaction of the chlorofluoromethanes CHFCl2 and CHF2Cl , 1977 .
[188] H. Singh,et al. Methyl halides in and over the eastern Pacific (40°N–32°S) , 1983 .
[189] R. Koppmann,et al. Distribution of methylchloride, dichloromethane, trichloroethene and tetrachloroethene over the north and south Atlantic , 1993 .
[190] J. Cape,et al. Sources and fate of atmospheric HCl in the U.K. and Western Europe , 1988 .
[191] B. Finlayson‐Pitts,et al. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopic studies of the heterogenous reaction of gaseous nitric acid with sodium chloride: Kinetics and contribution to the chemistry of the marine troposphere , 1994 .
[192] D. Wuebbles,et al. Future emission scenarios for chemicals that may deplete stratospheric ozone , 1987, Nature.
[193] W. Rose,et al. Contribution of C1- and F-bearing gases to the atmosphere by volcanoes , 1988, Nature.