Construction and animation of anatomically based human hand models

The human hand is a masterpiece of mechanical complexity, able to perform fine motor manipulations and powerful work alike. Designing an animatable human hand model that features the abilities of the archetype created by Nature requires a great deal of anatomical detail to be modeled. In this paper, we present a human hand model with underlying anatomical structure. Animation of the hand model is controlled by muscle contraction values. We employ a physically based hybrid muscle model to convert these contraction values into movement of skin and bones. Pseudo muscles directly control the rotation of bones based on anatomical data and mechanical laws, while geometric muscles deform the skin tissue using a mass-spring system. Thus, resulting animations automatically exhibit anatomically and physically correct finger movements and skin deformations. In addition, we present a deformation technique to create individual hand models from photographs. A radial basis warping function is set up from the correspondence of feature points and applied to the complete structure of the reference hand model, making the deformed hand model instantly animatable.

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