Isolation of influenza a viruses from commercial ducks on a farm in Norfolk between August 1979 and March 1980.

Investigation of respiratory disease and high mortality which occurred on a commercial duck fattening farm between August 1979 and March 1980 resulted in the isolation of 10 influenza A viruses. The viruses were characterised as Hav6 N2 (three isolates), Hav4 Navl (four isolates), Hav4 Nl (two isolates) and Hav7 Neq2 (one isolate) subtypes by haemagglutination-inhibition and neuraminidase-inhibition tests. A Newcastle disease virus isolate was also obtained from the ducks. All isolates had low intravenous pathogenicity indices in 6-week-old chickens.

[1]  D. Alexander,et al.  Influenza A virus infections in commercial turkeys in north east Italy. , 1981, Avian pathology : journal of the W.V.P.A.

[2]  R. E. Gough,et al.  Isolation of an influenza A virus from avian faeces samples collected at a London reservoir , 1980, Veterinary Record.

[3]  K. Shortridge.  Isolation of ortho- and paramyxoviruses from domestic poultry in Hong Kong between November 1977 and October 1978 and comparison with isolations made in the preceding two years. , 1980, Research in veterinary science.

[4]  R. Webster,et al.  The perpetuation of orthomyxoviruses and paramyxoviruses in Canadian waterfowl. , 1980, Canadian journal of microbiology.

[5]  W. J. Bean,et al.  Genetic reassortment of influenza A viruses in the intestinal tract of ducks. , 1980, Virology.

[6]  V. Hinshaw,et al.  INFLUENZA A VIRUSES ISOLATED FROM MIGRATING DUCKS IN OKLAHOMA 1 , 1980, Journal of wildlife diseases.

[7]  D. Alexander,et al.  A two year survey on the control of the importation of captive birds into Great Britain , 1980, Veterinary Record.

[8]  D. Alexander.  Isolation of influenza viruses from avian species in Great Britain. , 1980, Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases.

[9]  D. Shoham,et al.  Identification of avian influenza viruses isolated from wild mallard ducks in Israel , 1979, Veterinary Record.

[10]  D. Shoham,et al.  Identification of avian influenza virus isolated from a turkey farm in Israel , 1979, Veterinary Record.

[11]  D. Shoham,et al.  The first isolation of animal influenza virus in Israel , 1979, Veterinary Record.

[12]  A. Turner,et al.  The pathogenicity of three Australian fowl plague viruses for chickens, turkeys and ducks , 1979 .

[13]  W. Snowdon,et al.  An experimental inactivated virus vaccine against bovine ephemeral fever 1. Studies of the virus , 1979 .

[14]  W. H. Allan,et al.  Isolation of Newcastle disease virus from a wild mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos) , 1979, Veterinary Record.

[15]  T. Odagiri,et al.  Isolation and characterization of influenza A viruses from wild ducks in northern Japan: appearance of HSW1 antigens in the Japanese duck population. , 1979, Acta virologica.

[16]  D. Alexander,et al.  Resistance of chickens to challenge with the virulent Herts 33 strain of Newcastle disease virus induced by prior infection with serologically distinct avian paramyxoviruses. , 1979, Research in veterinary science.

[17]  A. Langston,et al.  Prevention and control of avian influenza in turkeys. , 1979, Proceedings, annual meeting of the United States Animal Health Association.

[18]  R. Webster,et al.  Diversity of influenza A virus subtypes isolated from domestic poultry in Hong Kong. , 1979, Bulletin of the World Health Organization.

[19]  W. H. Allan,et al.  Characterisation of influenza viruses isolated from turkeys in Great Britain during 1963--1977. , 1979, Research in veterinary science.

[20]  R. Webster,et al.  Novel influenza A viruses isolated from Canadian feral ducks: including strains antigenically related to swine influenza (Hsw1N1) viruses. , 1978, The Journal of general virology.

[21]  B. Tůmová,et al.  Isolation of influenza virus from wild ducks (Anas platyrhynchos). , 1978, Acta virologica.

[22]  W. H. Allan,et al.  The pathogenicity of four avian influenza viruses for fowls, turkeys and ducks. , 1978, Research in veterinary science.

[23]  D. Lvov.  CHAPTER 18 – Circulation of Influenza Viruses in Natural Biocoenosis , 1978 .

[24]  Hinshaw Vs.  Influenza viruses related to A/Shearwater/Australia/1/72 (Hav6 Nav5) in domestic and feral birds. , 1978 .

[25]  W. H. Allan,et al.  Newcastle disease vaccines : their production and use , 1978 .

[26]  W. H. Allan,et al.  Isolation of myxoviruses from dead birds arriving at Heathrow Airport, London , 1977, Journal of Hygiene.

[27]  C. Hannoun.  Isolation from birds of influenza viruses with human neuraminidase. , 1977, Developments in biological standardization.

[28]  R. Webster,et al.  Ortho- and paramyxoviruses from migrating feral ducks: characterization of a new group of influenza A viruses. , 1976, The Journal of general virology.

[29]  Avian Reservoirs of Newcastle Disease , 1976 .

[30]  R. Webster,et al.  Characterization of avian influenza viruses. Designation of a newly recognized haemagglutinin. , 1976, Bulletin of the World Health Organization.

[31]  R. Slemons,et al.  Host response differences among 5 avian species to an influenzavirus--A-turkey-Ontario-7732-66 (Hav5N?). , 1972, Bulletin of the World Health Organization.

[32]  C. Beard.  Demonstration of type-specific influenza antibody in mammalian and avian sera by immunodiffusion. , 1970, Bulletin of the World Health Organization.

[33]  B. Rouse,et al.  A new influenza A virus infection in turkeys II. A highly pathogenic variant, a/turkey/ontario 772/66. , 1968, The Canadian veterinary journal = La revue veterinaire canadienne.

[34]  B. Rouse,et al.  A new influenza virus infection in turkeys. I. Isolation and characterization of virus 6213. , 1968, The Canadian veterinary journal = La revue veterinaire canadienne.

[35]  M. Hilleman.  Antigenic variation of influenza viruses. , 1954, Annual review of microbiology.