A series of car-to-pedestrian impact tests was conducted, 16 with an ONSER 50th percentile dummy and 31 with unembalmed cadavers. Impact speeds ranged from 10 to 40 kph, and the pedestrian was hit either frontally or laterally. Car models were employed with fronts identical to Citroen Visa and GSA models; a modified Visa model was also used. The cadaver results indicate a risk of severe injuries at impact speeds as low as 20 to 25 kph for both pedestrian orientations. The head impact speed increased with car impact speed and was higher for frontal than for lateral impact. The area of head impact was influenced by the cadaver height. The modified Visa front, which simultaneously contacts the thigh and the lower leg, seems to alter the head impact area but not the injuries.