Eye movements evoked by electrical stimulation in the superior colliculus of rats and hamsters

Although the organization of the sensory representations in the rodent superior colliculus is known to be similar to that of more advanced mammals, little is known about collicular motor organization in these animals. Since it has been suggested that rodents make head, rather than eye, movements to facilitate visual orientation, fundamental organizational dissimilarities could exist in the superior colliculi of different species to underlie these different orientation preferences. However, we observed that electrical stimulation of the rodent colliculus evoked the same pattern of movements observed in other mammals. Conjugates, contraversive saccadic eye movements were evoked and were found to be topographically organized. In addition vibrissa and pinna movements could also be evoked. Although some species difference in evoked movements were evident, the same pattern of motor representations appears to exist in widely disparate mammalian species.

[1]  R. Lund Uncrossed Visual Pathways of Hooded and Albino Rats , 1965, Science.

[2]  D. Hubel,et al.  Responses to visual stimulation and relationship between visual, auditory, and somatosensory inputs in mouse superior colliculus. , 1975, Journal of neurophysiology.

[3]  R G EASON,et al.  Characteristics of ocular movements evoked by stimulation of brainstem of cat. , 1959, Journal of neurophysiology.

[4]  C. K. Henkel,et al.  Superior colliculus connections with the extraocular motor nuclei in the cat , 1978, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[5]  Melvyn A. Goodale,et al.  The effects of lesions of the superior colliculus on locomotor orientation and the orienting reflex in the rat , 1975, Brain Research.

[6]  D. Sparks Functional properties of neurons in the monkey superior colliculus: Coupling of neuronal activity and saccade onset , 1978, Brain Research.

[7]  Colin Blakemore,et al.  Functional organization in the superior colliculus of the golden hamster , 1976, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[8]  K. Schaefer Unit analysis and electrical stimulation in the optic tectum of rabbits and cats. , 1970, Brain, behavior and evolution.

[9]  David L. Sparks,et al.  Response properties of eye movement-related neurons in the monkey superior colliculus , 1975, Brain Research.

[10]  G. Schneider,et al.  Topography of visual and somatosensory projections to the superior colliculus of the golden hamster , 1978, Brain Research.

[11]  R. Wurtz,et al.  Activity of superior colliculus in behaving monkey. IV. Effects of lesions on eye movements. , 1972, Journal of neurophysiology.

[12]  D. Robinson Eye movements evoked by collicular stimulation in the alert monkey. , 1972, Vision research.

[13]  R H Wurtz,et al.  Organization of monkey superior colliculus: intermediate layer cells discharging before eye movements. , 1976, Journal of neurophysiology.

[14]  Steiner Be Development and organization of multimodal representation in cat superior colliculus. , 1978 .

[15]  G. L. Walls,et al.  The Vertebrate Eye and Its Adaptive Radiation. , 2013 .

[16]  B. Stein,et al.  Properties of superior colliculus neurons in the golden hamster , 1979, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[17]  R. Wurtz,et al.  Organization of monkey superior colliculus: enhanced visual response of superficial layer cells. , 1976, Journal of neurophysiology.

[18]  P. Schiller,et al.  The role of the monkey superior colliculus in eye movement and vision. , 1972, Investigative ophthalmology.

[19]  Colin Blakemore,et al.  Regional specialization in the golden hamster's retina , 1976, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[20]  E. Gregory Keating,et al.  Impaired orientation after primate tectal lesions. , 1974 .

[21]  R. Wurtz,et al.  Activity of superior colliculus in behaving monkey. II. Effect of attention on neuronal responses. , 1972, Journal of neurophysiology.

[22]  L. Kruger,et al.  Topography of the retinal projection upon the superior colliculus of the cat. , 1970, Vision research.

[23]  David Ingle,et al.  Evolutionary perspectives on the function of the optic tectum. , 1973, Brain, behavior and evolution.

[24]  H. Clamann,et al.  The control of eye movements by the superior colliculus in the alert cat , 1976, Brain Research.

[25]  M. Cynader,et al.  Receptive-field organization of monkey superior colliculus. , 1972, Journal of neurophysiology.

[26]  M Straschill,et al.  Eye movements evoked by focal stimulation of the cat's superior colliculus. , 1973, Brain research.

[27]  L R Harris,et al.  The superior colliculus and movements of the head and eyes in cats , 1980, The Journal of physiology.

[28]  J. Graham An autoradiographic study of the efferent connections of the superior colliculus in the cat , 1977, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[29]  M. Crommelinck,et al.  Eye movements evoked by superior colliculus stimulation in the alert cat , 1976, Brain Research.

[30]  B E Stein,et al.  Reptiles and mammals use similar sensory organizations in the midbrain. , 1979, Science.

[31]  L. Kruger,et al.  An electrophysiological study of the visual projection to the superior colliculus of the rat , 1966, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[32]  L. Chalupa,et al.  Responses of visual, somatosensory, and auditory neurones in the golden hamster's superior colliculus , 1977, The Journal of physiology.

[33]  R. Latto The effects of bilateral frontal eye-field, posterior parietal or superior collicular lesions on visual search in the rhesus monkey , 1978, Brain Research.

[34]  H Collewijn,et al.  Oculomotor areas in the rabbits midbrain and pretectum. , 1975, Journal of neurobiology.

[35]  R. Wurtz,et al.  Activity of superior colliculus in behaving monkey. 3. Cells discharging before eye movements. , 1972, Journal of neurophysiology.

[36]  H. Clamann,et al.  Superior colliculus: control of eye movements in neonatal kittens. , 1980, Science.

[37]  B E Stein,et al.  Relationship between visual and tactile representations in cat superior colliculus. , 1976, Journal of neurophysiology.

[38]  Steiner Be,et al.  Control of pinna movements and sensorimotor register in cat superior colliculus. , 1981 .