Solid state bioconversion of wheat straw into digestible and nutritive ruminant feed by Ganoderma sp. rckk02.

Solid state fermentation (SSF) of wheat straw with Ganoderma sp. rckk02 was carried out for 15 days for improving its digestibility and nutrients. Fungal growth caused a significant (P<0.05) decrease in acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), hemicellulose, lignin and cellulose content till 15th day. In vitro gas production (IVGP) test revealed that 10th day fermented feed possessed higher metabolizable energy (ME: 4.87 MJ/kg), in vitro organic matter digestibility (OMD: 334 g/kg) and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs: 1.82 mmol/g Dry Matter). The fermented feed was also evaluated in vivo in goats fed with either untreated wheat straw (T1) or fungal treated straw (T2). Dry matter intake (DMI), digestible crude protein (DCP), total digestible nutrients (TDN) and nitrogen (N) intake were found significantly (P<0.05) increased in T2 group. The study shows that fermentation of wheat straw with Ganoderma sp. rckk02 holds potential in improving its nutritive value.

[1]  R. C. Kuhad,et al.  Biochemical characterization and molecular evidence of a laccase from the bird's nest fungus Cyathus bulleri. , 2005, Fungal genetics and biology : FG & B.

[2]  A. Brosh,et al.  Energy intake, heat production and energy and nitrogen balances of sheep and goats fed wheat straw as a sole diet , 2009 .

[3]  H. Verachtert,et al.  Growth of higher fungi on wheat straw and their impact on the digestibility of the substrate , 2004, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.

[4]  P. H. Robinson,et al.  Influence of exogenous enzymes on nutrient digestibility, extent of ruminal fermentation as well as milk production and composition in dairy cows , 2009 .

[5]  J. Gomes,et al.  Performance evaluation of reactors designed for bioconversion of wheat straw to animal feed , 2008 .

[6]  V. Bisaria,et al.  Effect of seed culture on solid-state bioconversion of wheat straw by Phanerochaete chrysosporium for animal feed production. , 2002, Journal of bioscience and bioengineering.

[7]  R. Jovanovic,et al.  The biodegradation of wheat straw by Pleurotus ostreatus mushrooms and its use in cattle feeding , 1998 .

[8]  J. P. Tripathi,et al.  Optimisation of solid substrate fermentation of wheat straw into animal feed by Pleurotus ostreatus: a pilot effort , 1992 .

[9]  V. Kakkar,et al.  Comparative evaluation of wheat and paddy straws for mushroom production and feeding residual straws to ruminants , 1998 .

[10]  A. El-Waziry,et al.  In vitro gas production measurements and estimated energy value and microbial protein to investigate associative effects of untreated or biological treated linen straw and berseem hay. , 2009 .

[11]  Takashi Watanabe,et al.  Conversion of Japanese red cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) into a feed for ruminants by white-rot basidiomycetes , 2005 .

[12]  S. Sallam.  Nutritive Value Assessment of the Alternative Feed Resources by Gas Production and Rumen Fermentation In vitro , 2005 .

[13]  H. Abdel-Rahman,et al.  Biologically treated sugar beet pulp as a supplement in goat rations. , 2008 .

[14]  K. Okano,et al.  Improving the nutritive value of madake bamboo, Phyllostachys bambusoides, for ruminants by culturing with the white-rot fungus Ceriporiopsis subvermispora , 2009 .

[15]  K. Becker,et al.  Tropical browses: contents of phenolic compounds, in vitro gas production and stoichiometric relationship between short chain fatty acid and in vitro gas production , 2002, The Journal of Agricultural Science.

[16]  Kh Menke,et al.  Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid , 1988 .

[17]  H. Makkar.  Quantification of Tannins in Tree and Shrub Foliage , 2003, Springer Netherlands.

[18]  G. W. Snedecor.  Statistical Methods , 1964 .

[19]  W. P. T. James,et al.  The Analysis of dietary fiber in food , 1981 .

[20]  Bhuvnesh Shrivastava,et al.  White-rot fungal conversion of wheat straw to energy rich cattle feed , 2011, Biodegradation.

[21]  P. V. Soest,et al.  Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. , 1991, Journal of dairy science.

[22]  D. S. Arora,et al.  Enhancement in in vitro digestibility of wheat straw obtained from different geographical regions during solid state fermentation by white rot fungi , 2009, BioResources.

[23]  Ashutosh Kumar Singh,et al.  Microorganisms and enzymes involved in the degradation of plant fiber cell walls. , 1997, Advances in biochemical engineering/biotechnology.

[24]  D. S. Arora,et al.  Production of lignocellulolytic enzymes and enhancement of in vitro digestibility during solid state fermentation of wheat straw by Phlebia floridensis. , 2010, Bioresource technology.

[25]  A. Sethuraman,et al.  Alterations in structure, chemistry, and biodegradability of grass lignocellulose treated with the white rot fungi Ceriporiopsis subvermispora and Cyathus stercoreus , 1995, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[26]  T. Smith,et al.  Feeding strategies to increase small ruminant production in dry environments , 2008 .