Effect of Motor Competence and Health-Related Fitness in the Prevention of Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors.

Purpose: In the last decades we have seen an increase in sedentary behaviors and a decrease in physical activity in children when compared to past generations. This lifestyle is commonly associated with the development of clustering risk factors that define metabolic syndrome (MetS). Knowing that motor competence (MC) development can influence lifelong physical activity habits, it is reasonable to assume that children's MC will directly link to clustered cardiometabolic health outcomes. The aim of this study was to analyze the role of MC in MetS risk factors. Methods: Seventy children with a mean age of 7.49 (SD = 1.28) years were evaluated on motor competence (MCA-Motor Competence Assessment instrument), cardiovascular fitness (PACER test), upper body strength (UBS; handgrip), and the components of MetS, hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension, abdominal obesity, low concentration of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high fasting blood glucose. The composite value of MetS was calculated according to Burns et al. (2017). Multiple standard regressions were performed to explore the effect of different variables on MetS. Motor competence and health-related fitness (cardiovascular fitness and relative upper body strength) were used as independent variables (predictors) and MetS as dependent variable. Results: Overall, the results showed that motor competence (β = -.072; p < .05) is a significant predictor and this model explained 7,1% of the variance in MetS. Conclusion: Although more studies are needed, our results indicate that MC seems to have a positive role in children's health markers.

[1]  V. Lopes,et al.  Model invariance of the Motor Competence Assessment (MCA) from early childhood to young adulthood , 2021, Journal of sports sciences.

[2]  L. Rodrigues,et al.  Effects of the COVID-19 Lockdown on Portuguese Children’s Motor Competence , 2021, Children.

[3]  D. Stodden,et al.  Reconceptualizing and Operationalizing Seefeldt’s Proficiency Barrier: Applications and Future Directions , 2020, Sports Medicine.

[4]  K. Freitas,et al.  COVID-19 pandemic and pediatric dentistry: Fear, eating habits and parent’s oral health perceptions , 2020, Children and Youth Services Review.

[5]  J. Haines,et al.  The Impact of COVID-19 on Health Behavior, Stress, Financial and Food Security among Middle to High Income Canadian Families with Young Children , 2020, Nutrients.

[6]  T. R. de Lima,et al.  Muscular strength and cardiovascular risk factors in adults: a systematic review , 2020, The Physician and sportsmedicine.

[7]  J. Spence,et al.  Impact of the COVID-19 virus outbreak on movement and play behaviours of Canadian children and youth: a national survey , 2020, International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity.

[8]  S. Heymsfield,et al.  Effects of COVID‐19 Lockdown on Lifestyle Behaviors in Children with Obesity Living in Verona, Italy: A Longitudinal Study , 2020, Obesity.

[9]  P. Bezerra,et al.  Normative values of the motor competence assessment (MCA) from 3 to 23 years of age. , 2019, Journal of science and medicine in sport.

[10]  J. Myers,et al.  Physical Activity, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and the Metabolic Syndrome , 2019, Nutrients.

[11]  G. Shan,et al.  Muscle fitness and its association with body mass index in children and adolescents aged 7–18 years in China: a cross-sectional study , 2019, BMC Pediatrics.

[12]  B. Koletzko,et al.  Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior From 6 to 11 Years , 2018, Pediatrics.

[13]  A. Mamen,et al.  Handgrip strength in 6–12-year-old children: The Health Oriented Pedagogical Project (HOPP) , 2018, Scandinavian journal of public health.

[14]  J. Goodway,et al.  Identifying a motor proficiency barrier for meeting physical activity guidelines in children. , 2018, Journal of science and medicine in sport.

[15]  A. Bauman,et al.  Trends in prevalence of leisure time physical activity and inactivity: results from Australian National Health Surveys 1989 to 2011 , 2017, Australian and New Zealand journal of public health.

[16]  P. Kearney,et al.  Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior and the Risk of Overweight and Obesity in School-Aged Children. , 2017, Pediatric exercise science.

[17]  L. Rodrigues,et al.  The relationship between motor competence and health-related fitness in children and adolescents , 2017, PloS one.

[18]  F. Mattace-Raso,et al.  Sex‐ and gender‐related prevalence, cardiovascular risk and therapeutic approach in metabolic syndrome: A review of the literature , 2017, Pharmacological research.

[19]  G. Cardon,et al.  Associations among Elementary School Children’s Actual Motor Competence, Perceived Motor Competence, Physical Activity and BMI: A Cross-Sectional Study , 2016, PloS one.

[20]  L. Peng,et al.  Relative Handgrip Strength Is a Simple Indicator of Cardiometabolic Risk among Middle-Aged and Older People: A Nationwide Population-Based Study in Taiwan , 2016, PloS one.

[21]  Carlos Luz,et al.  Development and validation of a model of motor competence in children and adolescents. , 2016, Journal of science and medicine in sport.

[22]  F. Cardoso,et al.  INDICADORES ANTROPOMÉTRICOS E DESEMPENHO MOTOR DE ESCOLARES MANAUARAS (AM - BRASIL) ANTHROPOMETRIC INDICATORS AND MOTOR PERFORMANCE IN MANAUARAS PUPILS ( AM - BRASIL) , 2016 .

[23]  C. Ogden,et al.  Associations of Relative Handgrip Strength and Cardiovascular Disease Biomarkers in U.S. Adults, 2011-2012. , 2016, American journal of preventive medicine.

[24]  Bruno Machado de Melo,et al.  Motor competence and health related physical fitness in youth: A systematic review. , 2016, Journal of science and medicine in sport.

[25]  L. E. Robinson,et al.  Motor Competence and its Effect on Positive Developmental Trajectories of Health , 2015, Sports Medicine.

[26]  P. Morgan,et al.  Validity and Reliability of Field-Based Measures for Assessing Movement Skill Competency in Lifelong Physical Activities: A Systematic Review , 2015, Sports Medicine.

[27]  Joseph F. Clark,et al.  Sixty minutes of what? A developing brain perspective for activating children with an integrative exercise approach , 2015, British Journal of Sports Medicine.

[28]  P. Rintala,et al.  Fundamental movement skill proficiency and body composition measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in eight-year-old children , 2015 .

[29]  M. Simmonds,et al.  The use of measures of obesity in childhood for predicting obesity and the development of obesity-related diseases in adulthood: a systematic review and meta-analysis. , 2015, Health technology assessment.

[30]  Paul McAuley,et al.  Physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness as major markers of cardiovascular risk: their independent and interwoven importance to health status. , 2015, Progress in cardiovascular diseases.

[31]  David F Stodden,et al.  Dynamic relationships between motor skill competence and health-related fitness in youth. , 2014, Pediatric exercise science.

[32]  Matthieu Lenoir,et al.  A longitudinal study of gross motor coordination and weight status in children , 2014, Obesity.

[33]  Narelle Eather,et al.  The Health Benefits of Muscular Fitness for Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis , 2014, Sports Medicine.

[34]  R. Malina.  Top 10 Research Questions Related to Growth and Maturation of Relevance to Physical Activity, Performance, and Fitness , 2014, Research quarterly for exercise and sport.

[35]  L. Peng,et al.  Sarcopenia, and its association with cardiometabolic and functional characteristics in Taiwan: Results from I‐Lan Longitudinal Aging Study , 2014, Geriatrics & gerontology international.

[36]  A. Okely,et al.  Prevalence and Correlates of Low Fundamental Movement Skill Competency in Children , 2012, Pediatrics.

[37]  Tatiana Andreyeva,et al.  Obesity and motor skills among 4 to 6-year-old children in the united states: nationally-representative surveys , 2012, BMC Pediatrics.

[38]  J. Cairney,et al.  Metabolic syndrome in children with and without developmental coordination disorder. , 2011, Research in developmental disabilities.

[39]  Ilse de Bourdeaudhuij,et al.  Weight Loss and Improved Gross Motor Coordination in Children as a Result of Multidisciplinary Residential Obesity Treatment , 2011, Obesity.

[40]  K. Cureton,et al.  Development of youth aerobic-capacity standards using receiver operating characteristic curves. , 2011, American journal of preventive medicine.

[41]  Gregory J Welk,et al.  Development of new criterion-referenced fitness standards in the FITNESSGRAM® program: rationale and conceptual overview. , 2011, American journal of preventive medicine.

[42]  H. Hubert,et al.  Insight into physical activity in combating the infantile metabolic syndrome , 2011, Environmental health and preventive medicine.

[43]  Philip J. Morgan,et al.  Fundamental Movement Skills in Children and Adolescents , 2010, Sports medicine.

[44]  Bryan K. Smith,et al.  Construct validity of a continuous metabolic syndrome score in children , 2010, Diabetology & metabolic syndrome.

[45]  P. Morgan,et al.  Childhood motor skill proficiency as a predictor of adolescent physical activity. , 2009, The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine.

[46]  U. Kujala,et al.  Secular trends in aerobic fitness performance in 13–18-year-old adolescents from 1976 to 2001 , 2009, British Journal of Sports Medicine.

[47]  F. Rasmussen,et al.  Association of body size and muscle strength with incidence of coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular diseases: a population-based cohort study of one million Swedish men. , 2009, International journal of epidemiology.

[48]  Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij,et al.  Childhood obesity affects fine motor skill performance under different postural constraints , 2008, Neuroscience Letters.

[49]  David F. Stodden,et al.  A Developmental Perspective on the Role of Motor Skill Competence in Physical Activity: An Emergent Relationship , 2008 .

[50]  S. Crawford,et al.  Physical fitness and health indices in children, adolescents and adults with high or low motor competence. , 2008, Human movement science.

[51]  M. Sjöström,et al.  Physical fitness in childhood and adolescence: a powerful marker of health , 2008, International Journal of Obesity.

[52]  C. Cooper,et al.  Grip strength and the metabolic syndrome: findings from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study. , 2007, QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians.

[53]  Peter J Hannan,et al.  Longitudinal and Secular Trends in Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior During Adolescence , 2006, Pediatrics.

[54]  Stewart Trost,et al.  Evidence based physical activity for school-age youth. , 2005, The Journal of pediatrics.

[55]  A. Okely,et al.  Relationship of physical activity to fundamental movement skills among adolescents. , 2001, Medicine and science in sports and exercise.

[56]  G. Beunen,et al.  Muscular Strength Development in Children and Adolescents , 2000 .

[57]  O. Bar-or,et al.  Growth, Maturation and Physical Activity , 1992 .