An on-site immunosensor for ractopamine based on a personal glucose meter and using magnetic β-cyclodextrin-coated nanoparticles for enrichment, and an invertase-labeled nanogold probe for signal amplification

AbstractWe report on an on-site ultrasensitive sandwich immunoassay for ractopamine (RAC) that is based on the use of a personal glucose meter. RAC is preconcentrated with the help of magnetic nanoparticles coated with β-cyclodextrin (Fe3O4@SiO2-CD), and a novel polymer tag labeled with invertase is employed to catalyze the hydrolysis of sucrose to form glucose which is detected with the glucose meter. Invertase-modified gold nanoparticles were prepared and immobilized, along with antibodies against RAC, on an Envision reagent (a polymer that contains many anti-IgG antibodies). Because of its high loading with the enzyme, the resulting copolymers strongly amplify the signal. The concentration of RAC is calculated on the basis of the linear relationship between the concentration of RAC and the amount of glucose formed. The method exhibits a detection limit of 0.34 μg kg−1 as determined for a sample of pork. This on-site testing method may also be applied to the detection of other low-molecular toxins by simply changing the antibody. Graphical AbstractRactopamine is preconcentrated with the help of magnetic nanoparticles coated with β-cyclodextrin (Fe3O4@SiO2-CD), and a novel polymer tag labeled with invertase is employed to recognize analyte and catalyze the hydrolysis of sucrose to form glucose which is detected with the glucose meter.

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