The Puzzling Life of Autistic Toddlers: Design Guidelines from the LINKX Project

This paper presents guidelines for designers to help them consider what children with autism value in interactions with their environment. The guidelines were developed during the LINKX project in order to design a language learning toy for these children and are based on literature study, expert interviews, generative techniques, and prototype testing with users. We present both the theoretical or practical background of each guideline together with a discussion how the guideline was evident in the prototype of LINKX. Testing the prototype in the real world helped us to shape the prototype and the guidelines. This paper aims to share our guidelines with the design research community, so that others can use them as steppingstones in their work.

[1]  K. Colby The rationale for computer-based treatment of language difficulties in nonspeaking autistic children , 1973, Journal of autism and childhood schizophrenia.

[2]  F. Volkmar,et al.  Handbook of Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders , 1987 .

[3]  M. Wiznitzer,et al.  AIDS and the Nervous System , 1988, Neurology.

[4]  J. Rabe-Jabłońska,et al.  [Affective disorders in the fourth edition of the classification of mental disorders prepared by the American Psychiatric Association -- diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders]. , 1993, Psychiatria polska.

[5]  O. Sacks,et al.  An anthropologist on Mars , 1994 .

[6]  K. Pierce,et al.  Teaching daily living skills to children with autism in unsupervised settings through pictorial self-management. , 1994, Journal of applied behavior analysis.

[7]  D. Gast,et al.  Teaching On-Task and On-Schedule Behaviors to High-Functioning Children with Autism Via Picture Activity Schedules , 2000, Journal of autism and developmental disorders.

[8]  Kerstin Dautenhahn,et al.  Design issues on interactive environments for children with autism , 2000 .

[9]  L. LeBlanc,et al.  Use of Technology in Interventions for Children with Autism , 2004 .

[10]  Narcís Parés,et al.  Promotion of creative activity in children with severe autism through visuals in an interactive multisensory environment , 2005, IDC '05.

[11]  Pieter Jan Stappers,et al.  “CODESIGNING LINKX”: A CASE OF GAINING INSIGHT IN A “DIFFICULT-TO-REACH USER GROUP” , 2007 .

[12]  H. Van Rijn LINKX, a language toy for autistic toddlers developed in co-creation with parents and pedagogues , 2007 .

[13]  Caroline Hummels,et al.  Designing for diversity: developing complex adaptive tangible products , 2007, Tangible and Embedded Interaction.

[14]  V. Ramachandran,et al.  The simulating social mind: the role of the mirror neuron system and simulation in the social and communicative deficits of autism spectrum disorders. , 2007, Psychological bulletin.

[15]  Temple Grandin,et al.  Thinking in Pictures , 1995 .