Towards Commoditised Near Infrared Spectroscopy

Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) is a sensing technique in which near infrared light is transmitted into a sample, followed by light absorbance measurements at various wavelengths. This technique enables the inference of the inner chemical composition of the scanned sample, and therefore can be used to identify or classify objects. In this paper, we describe how to facilitate the use of NIRS by non- expert users in everyday settings. Our work highlights the key challenges of placing NIRS devices in the hands of non-experts. We develop a system to mitigate these challenges, and evaluate it in a user study. We show how NIRS technology can be successfully utilised by untrained users in an unsupervised manner through a special enclosure and an accompanying smartphone app. Finally, we discuss potential future developments of commoditised NIRS.

[1]  Hao Jiang,et al.  Fusion of WiFi, Smartphone Sensors and Landmarks Using the Kalman Filter for Indoor Localization , 2015, Sensors.

[2]  B. Nicolai,et al.  NON-DESTRUCTIVE MEASUREMENT OF ACIDITY, SOLUBLE SOLIDS, AND FIRMNESS OF JONAGOLD APPLES USING NIR-SPECTROSCOPY , 1998 .

[3]  Ubaid ur Rahman,et al.  Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Food Analysis , 2019, Advances in Noninvasive Food Analysis.

[4]  T. W. L. Scheeren,et al.  Monitoring tissue oxygenation by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS): background and current applications , 2012, Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing.

[5]  David L. DiLaura,et al.  The lighting handbook : reference and application , 2011 .

[6]  Daniel Afergan,et al.  Using fNIRS to Measure Mental Workload in the Real World , 2014 .

[7]  Sumio Kawano,et al.  Prediction of ripe-stage eating quality of mango fruit from its harvest quality measured nondestructively by near infrared spectroscopy , 2004 .

[8]  Elke Bach,et al.  Using chemometric methods and NIR spectrophotometry in the textile industry , 2000 .

[9]  D L Massart,et al.  Identification of pharmaceutical excipients using NIR spectroscopy and SIMCA. , 1999, Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis.

[10]  Matthias Scheutz,et al.  Reliability of NIRS-based BCIs: a placebo-controlled replication and reanalysis of brainput , 2014, CHI Extended Abstracts.

[11]  F. Clarke,et al.  Determination of the Information Depth and Sample Size for the Analysis of Pharmaceutical Materials Using Reflectance Near-Infrared Microscopy , 2002 .

[12]  Matthew Pike,et al.  Examining the Reliability of Using fNIRS in Realistic HCI Settings for Spatial and Verbal Tasks , 2015, CHI.

[13]  Gary M. Hieftje,et al.  Signal-to-noise enhancement through instrumental techniques. II. Signal averaging, boxcar integration, and correlation techniques , 1972 .

[14]  R. Innocenti,et al.  Identification of wool, cashmere, yak, and angora rabbit fibers and quantitative determination of wool and cashmere in blend: a near infrared spectroscopy study , 2013, Fibers and Polymers.

[15]  K. Walsh,et al.  Optimization of Instrumentation Precision and Wavelength Resolution for the Performance of NIR Calibrations of Sucrose in a Water—Cellulose Matrix , 2000 .

[16]  Kiran B. Raja,et al.  Smartphone based visible iris recognition using deep sparse filtering , 2015, Pattern Recognit. Lett..

[17]  L. Bokobza Near Infrared Spectroscopy , 1998 .

[18]  Martina Mueller,et al.  Development and Validation of a Smartphone Heart Rate Acquisition Application for Health Promotion and Wellness Telehealth Applications , 2012, International journal of telemedicine and applications.

[19]  A. Peirs,et al.  Light penetration properties of NIR radiation in fruit with respect to non-destructive quality assessment , 2000 .

[20]  C. Ruckebusch,et al.  Genetic algorithm optimisation combined with partial least squares regression and mutual information variable selection procedures in near-infrared quantitative analysis of cotton-viscose textiles. , 2007, Analytica chimica acta.

[21]  Takayoshi Akinaga,et al.  On-tree and after-harvesting evaluation of firmness, color and lycopene content of tomato fruit using portable NIR spectroscopy , 2008 .

[22]  Ming Gao,et al.  Fingerprint sensors in mobile devices , 2014, 2014 9th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications.

[23]  E.J. Candes,et al.  An Introduction To Compressive Sampling , 2008, IEEE Signal Processing Magazine.

[24]  Jorge Gonçalves,et al.  A data hiding approach for sensitive smartphone data , 2016, UbiComp.

[25]  Theodore S. Rappaport,et al.  Wireless communications - principles and practice , 1996 .

[26]  Meltem Izzetoglu,et al.  Motion artifact cancellation in NIR spectroscopy using Wiener filtering , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[27]  Marcelo Blanco,et al.  NIR spectroscopy: a rapid-response analytical tool , 2002 .

[28]  Anthony C. Moffat,et al.  Use of a Portable near Infrared Spectrometer for the Authentication of Tablets and the Detection of Counterfeit Versions , 2008 .

[29]  Yibin Ying,et al.  Influence of humidity on spectral performance for near-infrared detection of fruit , 2006, SPIE Optics East.

[30]  Walter. Slavin,et al.  Stray Light in Ultraviolet, Visible, and Near-Infrared Spectrophotometry. , 1963 .

[31]  N. Sinelli,et al.  Evaluation of freshness decay of minced beef stored in high-oxygen modified atmosphere packaged at different temperatures using NIR and MIR spectroscopy. , 2010, Meat science.

[32]  Gerard Downey,et al.  Rapid Non-destructive Detection of Spoilage of Intact Chicken Breast Muscle Using Near-infrared and Fourier Transform Mid-infrared Spectroscopy and Multivariate Statistics , 2009, Food and Bioprocess Technology.

[33]  M. Dyrby,et al.  Chemometric Quantitation of the Active Substance (Containing C≡N) in a Pharmaceutical Tablet Using Near-Infrared (NIR) Transmittance and NIR FT-Raman Spectra , 2002 .

[34]  A. Peirs,et al.  Nondestructive measurement of fruit and vegetable quality by means of NIR spectroscopy: A review , 2007 .

[35]  Russell A. McCann,et al.  mHealth for mental health: Integrating smartphone technology in behavioral healthcare. , 2011 .

[36]  Christopher D. Elvidge,et al.  Spectral Identification of Lighting Type and Character , 2010, Sensors.

[37]  H. Siesler,et al.  Near-infrared spectroscopy:principles,instruments,applications , 2002 .

[38]  Purushottam Kulkarni,et al.  Wolverine: Traffic and road condition estimation using smartphone sensors , 2012, 2012 Fourth International Conference on Communication Systems and Networks (COMSNETS 2012).

[39]  Katherine A. Bakeev Process analytical technology : spectroscopic tools and implementation strategies for the chemical and pharmaceutical industries , 2010 .

[40]  Robert J. K. Jacob,et al.  Using fNIRS brain sensing in realistic HCI settings: experiments and guidelines , 2009, UIST '09.

[41]  Daniel Afergan,et al.  Learn Piano with BACh: An Adaptive Learning Interface that Adjusts Task Difficulty Based on Brain State , 2016, CHI.

[42]  Jorge Gonçalves,et al.  Crowdsourcing situated & subjective knowledge for decision support , 2016, UbiComp Adjunct.

[43]  Jorge Gonçalves,et al.  Instrumenting smartphones with portable NIRS , 2016, UbiComp Adjunct.

[44]  Max L. Wilson,et al.  Using fNIRS in Usability Testing: Understanding the Effect of Web Form Layout on Mental Workload , 2016, CHI.

[45]  Patrick L. Walter The history of the accelerometer : 1920s-1996-prologue and epilogue, 2006 , 2007 .

[46]  Nawaf Abu-Khalaf,et al.  Sensing tomato’s pathogen using Visible/Near infrared (VIS/NIR) spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis (MVDA) , 2015 .

[47]  Derek A. McNamara,et al.  Introduction to the Uniform Geometrical Theory of Diffraction , 1990 .

[48]  Takeo Kanade,et al.  Surface Reflection: Physical and Geometrical Perspectives , 1989, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[49]  Yuwei Chen,et al.  Human Behavior Cognition Using Smartphone Sensors , 2013, Sensors.

[50]  D. Massart Chemometrics: A Textbook , 1988 .

[51]  Dan Morris,et al.  HyperCam: hyperspectral imaging for ubiquitous computing applications , 2015, UbiComp.