Neck and back pain : The scientific evidence of causes, diagnosis, and treatment

A review of social influences on neck and back pain and disability psychological risk factors for back and neck pain influences of individual factors and smoking on neck and low back pain work-related influences on neck and low back pain preventive interventions for neck and back pain neurophysiology of back pain. Current knowledge epidemiology of neck and low back pain assessment of patients with neck and back pain. A best evidence synthesis introduction to treatment of neck and back pain conservative treatment of acute and subacute low back pain conservative treatment of chronic low back pain surgical treatment of lumbar disc prolapse and degenerative lumbar disc disease acute and subacute neck pain - non-surgical treatment non-surgical treatment of chronic neck pain surgical treatment of neck pain the utility of cognitive-behavioral psychological treatments approaching patients with low back pain in primary health care cost-effectiveness of treatment for neck and low back pain cost of back pain in some OECD countries a review of social security systems.