Oleoresin production, turpentine yield and components of Pinus merkusii from various Indonesian provenances.

for Takengon, Java land race, Blangkejeren and Jantho respectively. Repeatability estimates for oleoresin yield were moderate to high, ranging from 0.57 to 0.74. Turpentine yields were 13.6, 15.3, 16.0 and 19.6% for Java land race, Jantho, Blangkejeren and Takengon subpopulations respectively. The greatest turpentine components in all subpopulations were α-pinene (73.3–87.2%) and δ-3 carene (7.3–19.3%). Other minor components (< 3%) were β-pinene, camphene, myrcene, sabinene and limonene. Sabinene was not found in Java land race and Blangkejeren, while limonene was not found in Takengon.