Basics of effective erosion control in German agriculture

Present research in Germany on water, wind, and tillage erosion is examined. Existing soil-protection strategies, laws, and guidelines are outlined. These are the result of extensive scientific investigations and the adoption of existing international knowledge. The most common methodologies currently used in Germany are reviewed. They allow an estimation of the water- and wind-erosion risks as well as methods for their reduction. The results enable an aim-orientated, site-specific, risk-adequate approach to implementing control measures in an easily understood framework. The most important remaining research problems are explained.

[1]  P. Fiener,et al.  Managing erosion and water quality in agricultural watersheds by small detention ponds , 2005 .

[2]  M. R. Carter.  Soil erosion protection measures in Europe: by U. Schwertmann, R.J. Rickson and K. Auerswald (Editors). Soil Technology Series 1, Catena Verlag, Cremlingen-Destedt, Germany, 1989, 216 pp., DM 119.00/US$75.00, ISBN 3-923381-16-6 , 1992 .

[3]  Philippe Quevauviller,et al.  The Water Framework Directive , 2008 .

[4]  H. I. Reuter,et al.  Application of the SIte COmparison Method (SICOM) to assess the potential erosion risk — a basis for the evaluation of spatial equivalence of agri-environmental measures , 2006 .

[5]  U. Schwertmann,et al.  Bodenerosion durch Wasser , 1987 .

[6]  Detlef Deumlich.  Erosive Niederschläge und ihre Eintrittswahrscheinlichkeit im Nordosten Deutschlands , 1999 .

[7]  Olaf Conrad,et al.  The WEELS model: methods, results and limitations , 2003 .

[8]  D. Goossens.  Net loss and transport of organic matter during wind erosion on loamy sandy soil , 2004 .

[9]  M. Frielinghaus,et al.  Soil translocation by water erosion from agricultural cropland into wet depressions (morainic kettle holes) , 1998 .

[10]  Jürgen Schmidt,et al.  Water transport under winter conditions , 2005 .

[11]  W. H. Wischmeier,et al.  Predicting rainfall erosion losses : a guide to conservation planning , 1978 .

[12]  J. Poesen,et al.  Soil erosion in Europe , 2006 .

[13]  Jürgen Schmidt,et al.  Impact of expected increase in precipitation intensities on soil loss—results of comparative model simulations , 2005 .

[14]  H. Bork,et al.  Slope Basis Deposits Linked to Long-Term Land Use in NE-Germany , 2002 .

[15]  A. Skowronek,et al.  Hydrological parameterization of piping in loess‐rich soils in the Bergisches Land, Nordrhein‐Westfalen, Germany , 2002 .

[16]  K. Lindenschmidt,et al.  Modelling of snowmelt erosion and sediment yield in a small low-mountain catchment in Germany , 2006 .

[17]  M. Kehl,et al.  Erosion processes and erodibility of cultivated soils in North Rhine‐Westphalia under artificial rain. II. Results of field experiments and comparison with laboratory trials , 2005 .

[18]  Räumlich differenzierende Berechnung großmaßstäblicher Erosionsprognosekarten - Modellgrundlagen der dABAG , 1988 .

[19]  Karl Auerswald,et al.  Bodenerosion durch Wasser : Vorhersage des Abtrags und Bewertung von Gegenmaßnahmen , 1987 .

[20]  Ralf Dannowski,et al.  GIS-based risk assessment for identifying source areas of non-point nutrient emissions by water erosion (Odra Basin and sub catchment Uecker) , 2005 .

[21]  M. Kehl,et al.  Erosion processes and erodibility of cultivated soils in North Rhine‐Westphalia under artificial rain. I. Site characteristics and results of laboratory experiments , 2005 .

[22]  Lawrence J. Hagen,et al.  Comparison of wind erosion measurements in Germany with simulated soil losses by WEPS , 2004, Environ. Model. Softw..

[23]  P. Fiener,et al.  Measurement and modeling of concentrated runoff in grassed waterways , 2005 .

[24]  K. Auerswald.  Predicting nutrient enrichment from long-term average soil loss , 1989 .

[25]  Comparison of German and Swiss Rainfall Simulators ‐ Experimental Setup , 1992 .

[26]  D. Malo,et al.  Soil landscape evolution due to soil redistribution by tillage: a new conceptual model of soil catena evolution in agricultural landscapes , 2004 .