Dimensionalising on‐ and offline brands' composite equity

This paper approaches the subject of brand equity measurement on and offline. The existing body of research knowledge on brand equity measurement has derived from classical contexts; however, the majority of today's brands prosper simultaneously online and offline. Since branding on the Web needs to address the unique characteristics of computer‐mediated environments, it was posited that classical measures of brand equity were inadequate for this category of brands. Aaker's guidelines for building a brand equity measurement system were thus followed and his brand equity ten was employed as a point of departure. The main challenge was complementing traditional measures of brand equity with new measures pertinent to the Web. Following 16 semi‐structured interviews with experts, ten additional measures were identified.

[1]  Katrin R. Harich,et al.  Brand equity: the halo effect measure , 1995 .

[2]  Marisa Maio Mackay,et al.  Evaluation of brand equity measures: further empirical results , 2001 .

[3]  Dennis L. Hoffman,et al.  Marketing in Hypermedia Computer-Mediated Environments : Conceptual Foundations 1 ) , 1998 .

[4]  George Christodoulides,et al.  Developing a brand performance measure for financial services brands , 2004 .

[5]  P. Kotler Atmospherics as a Marketing Tool , 1974 .

[6]  Matthew B. Miles,et al.  Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expanded Sourcebook , 1994 .

[7]  Allan D. Shocker,et al.  Brand equity : a perspective on its meaning and measurement , 1991 .

[8]  Karl Moore,et al.  Who will be the winners on the Internet? , 1996 .

[9]  L. Chernatony,et al.  Succeeding with brands on the Internet , 2001 .

[10]  R. Kohli,et al.  Internet Recommendation Systems , 2000 .

[11]  R. C. Clauser,et al.  Offline rules, online tools , 2001 .

[12]  Andrew D. Gershoff,et al.  The Reciprocal Effects of Brand Equity and Trivial Attributes , 2003 .

[13]  V. Srinivasan,et al.  A Survey-Based Method for Measuring and Understanding Brand Equity and Its Extendibility , 1994 .

[14]  J. McAlexander,et al.  Building Brand Community , 2002 .

[15]  Richard T. Watson,et al.  Re-surfing W3: Research Perspectives on Marketing Communication and Buyer Behaviour on the Worldwide Web , 1996 .

[16]  B. Calder,et al.  New media interactive advertising vs. traditional advertising , 1998 .

[17]  H Rubinstein,et al.  Branding matters more on the Internet , 2001 .

[18]  Klaus Krippendorff,et al.  Content Analysis: An Introduction to Its Methodology , 1980 .

[19]  Gary J. Russell,et al.  Measuring Brand Value with Scanner Data , 1993 .

[20]  B. Joseph Pine,et al.  The Experience Economy , 1999 .

[21]  J. Hagel,et al.  The Real Value of Online Communities , 2000 .

[22]  D. MacLachlan,et al.  Ecological validation of alternative customer-based brand strength measures , 1995 .

[23]  H Rubinstein Branding on the Internet — Moving from a communications to a relationship approach to branding , 2002 .

[24]  William L. Wilkie,et al.  Passing the Torch: Intergenerational Influences as a Source of Brand Equity , 2002 .

[25]  J. H. Gilmore,et al.  Welcome to the experience economy. , 1998, Harvard business review.

[26]  Jonna Holland,et al.  Customer participation in creating site brand loyalty , 2001 .

[27]  R. Kozinets E-tribalized Marketing?: The Strategic Implications of Virtual Communities of Consumption , 1999 .

[28]  Wenyu Dou,et al.  Interactive functions and their impacts on the appeal of internet presence sites , 1998 .

[29]  S. Fournier,et al.  Consumers and Their Brands: Developing Relationship Theory in Consumer Research , 1998 .

[30]  Tim Ambler,et al.  Brand development versus new product development: toward a process model of extension decisions , 1997 .

[31]  Herbjørn Nysveen,et al.  Building brand relationships online: A comparison of two interactive applications , 2002 .

[32]  Manoj K. Agarwal,et al.  An empirical comparison of consumer-based measures of brand equity , 1996 .

[33]  Jerry Wind,et al.  Customerization: The next revolution in mass customization , 2001 .

[34]  Herbert Meyers,et al.  Brand Design for Digital Viewing , 2001 .

[35]  Naveen Donthu,et al.  Developing and validating a multidimensional consumer-based brand equity scale , 2001 .

[36]  M. Easterby-Smith,et al.  Management Research: An Introduction , 1991 .

[37]  Kevin Lane Keller Conceptualizing, Measuring, and Managing Customer-Based Brand Equity , 1993 .

[38]  Judy Harris,et al.  Customer service on the Web: A cross-industry investigation , 2002 .

[39]  D. Aaker MEASURING BRAND EQUITY ACROSS PRODUCTS AND MARKETS , 1996 .

[40]  Allan D. Shocker,et al.  Managing Brand Equity , 1991 .

[41]  Jean-Émile Denis,et al.  Un modèle intégrateur du capital-client de la marque: une perspective psycho-cognitive , 2002 .

[42]  John G. Lynch,et al.  Interactive Home Shopping: Consumer, Retailer, and Manufacturer Incentives to Participate in Electronic Marketplaces , 1997 .

[43]  Jose Luis Munuera-Aleman,et al.  Development and Validation of a Brand Trust Scale , 2003 .

[44]  Robert C. Blattberg,et al.  Interactive Marketing: Exploiting the Age of Addressability , 1991 .

[45]  J. Swait,et al.  Brand Equity as a Signaling Phenomenon , 1998 .

[46]  Richard E. Plank,et al.  Measuring Brand Equity: An Evaluation of a Consumer-Based Brand Equity Scale , 2002 .

[47]  C. Myers Managing brand equity: a look at the impact of attributes , 2003 .

[48]  Max Blackston,et al.  Observations: Building Brand Equity by Managing the Brand's Relationships , 2000, Journal of Advertising Research.

[49]  Nicholas Ind,et al.  Branding on the Web: A real revolution? , 2001 .

[50]  J. Hagel,et al.  Net gain: Expanding markets through virtual communities , 1999 .

[51]  Rodolfo Vázquez,et al.  Consumer-based Brand Equity: Development and Validation of a Measurement Instrument , 2002 .

[52]  Michael Zeisser,et al.  Building Digital Brands , 2000 .

[53]  David M. Szymanski,et al.  E-satisfaction: an initial examination , 2000 .

[54]  Brand custodianship:: A new primer for senior managers , 2001 .