Empirical vulnerability assessment of the non-engineered reinforced concrete structures using the Kashmir earthquake damage data

Few empirical seismic vulnerability curves exist for non-engineered reinforced concrete buildings in developing countries, and this is particularly true for the South Asian countries. This category of buildings is widespread and is highly vulnerable, since the buildings suffer from serious problems due to poor design and construction and are prone to collapse in moderate earthquakes. In this paper, building damage data from the Kashmir earthquake (2005), Pakistan are utilized to develop empirical vulnerability curves for the non-engineered reinforced concrete structures in the region. In order to develop empirical vulnerability curves, a damage probability matrix was defined and its elements corresponding to damage ratio of different damage states are used to evaluate the mean damage ratio. The developed curve show abrupt damage accumulation at relatively small values of peak ground acceleration. The findings of mean damage ratio as a function of peak ground acceleration are compared with the most relevant existing empirical and judgmental vulnerability curves to show the severity of damage in non-engineered reinforced concrete structures of that region and to validate for use in risk assessment studies.

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