Evaluation of Harmonic Content from a Tap Transformer Based Grid Connection System for Wind Power

Simulations done in MATLAB/Simulink together with experiments conducted at the Angstroms laboratory are used to evaluate and discuss the total harmonic distortion (THD) and total demand distortion (TDD) of a tap transformer based grid connection system. The grid connection topology can be used with different turbine and generator topologies and is here applied on a vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) with a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) and its operational scheme. The full variable-speed wind conversion system consists of a diode rectifier, DC link, IGBT inverter, LCL-filter, and tap transformer. The full variable-speed operation is enabled by the use of the different step-up ratios of the tap transformer. In the laboratory study, a full experimental setup of the system was used, a clone of the on-site PMSG driven by a motor was used, and the grid was replaced with a resistive load. With a resistive load, grid harmonics and possible unbalances are removed. The results show a TDD and THD below 5% for the full operating range and harmonic values within the limits set up by IEEE-519. Furthermore, a change in tap, going to a lower step-up ratio, results in a reduction in both THD and TDD for the same output power.

[1]  Hans Bernhoff,et al.  Experimental results from a 12 kW vertical axis wind turbine with a direct driven PM synchronous generator , 2007 .

[2]  Seung-Ki Sul,et al.  LCL filter design and control for grid-connected PWM converter , 2011, 8th International Conference on Power Electronics - ECCE Asia.

[3]  Anca Daniela Hansen,et al.  Wind turbine concept market penetration over 10 years (1995–2004) , 2007 .

[4]  E. Spooner,et al.  Grid Power Quality with Variable-Speed Wind Turbines , 2001, IEEE Power Engineering Review.

[5]  Gilbert Sybille,et al.  Hysteresis modeling in the MATLAB/Power System Blockset , 2003, Math. Comput. Simul..

[6]  Yan Zhou,et al.  Design and research on parameter of LCL filter in three-phase grid-connected inverter , 2009, 2009 IEEE 6th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference.

[7]  Frede Blaabjerg,et al.  Overview of Control and Grid Synchronization for Distributed Power Generation Systems , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[8]  G. G. Stokes.  "J." , 1890, The New Yale Book of Quotations.

[9]  Mukhtiar Singh,et al.  Grid synchronisation with harmonics and reactive power compensation capability of a permanent magnet synchronous generator-based variable speed wind energy conversion system , 2011 .

[10]  Hans Bernhoff,et al.  Simulations and experiments on a 12 kW direct driven PM synchronous generator for wind power , 2008 .

[11]  Zhe Chen,et al.  Overview of different wind generator systems and their comparisons , 2008 .

[12]  Hans Bernhoff,et al.  Design of a 12kW vertical axis wind turbine equipped with a direct driven PM synchronous generator , 2006 .

[13]  Jan T. Bialasiewicz,et al.  Power-Electronic Systems for the Grid Integration of Renewable Energy Sources: A Survey , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[14]  Donald Grahame Holmes,et al.  Grid current regulation of a three-phase voltage source inverter with an LCL input filter , 2002, 2002 IEEE 33rd Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference. Proceedings (Cat. No.02CH37289).

[15]  Senad Apelfröjd,et al.  Laboratory verification of system for grid connection of a 12 kW variable speed wind turbine with a permanent magnet synchronous generator , 2012 .

[16]  Hans Bernhoff,et al.  FEM Simulations and Experiments of Different Loading Conditions for a 12 kW Direct Driven PM Synchronous Generator for Wind Power , 2009 .

[17]  Hans Bernhoff,et al.  Power coefficient measurement on a 12 kW straight bladed vertical axis wind turbine , 2011 .

[18]  Birgitte Bak-Jensen,et al.  Conceptual survey of Generators and Power Electronics for Wind Turbines , 2001 .

[19]  L. Janosi,et al.  Wind farm modelling for power quality , 2001, IECON'01. 27th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (Cat. No.37243).

[20]  P. K. Jain,et al.  A Control Design Approach for Three-Phase Grid-Connected Renewable Energy Resources , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy.

[21]  Zhihong Ye,et al.  Output filter design for a grid-interconnected three-phase inverter , 2003, IEEE 34th Annual Conference on Power Electronics Specialist, 2003. PESC '03..