Phase space and coherence properties of an x-ray FEL source

In recent years, substantial exploratory studies have been conducted on the source properties of idealized Angstrom- wavelength Free-Electron Lasers (FELs) operating in the Self- Amplified Spontaneous Emission (SASE) regime. With the more recent advent of dedicated design studies aimed at developing SASE FEL R&D facilities, attention has focused on developing more realistic descriptions of the FEL source taking into account various anticipated departures of the electron beam from ideality. In this paper we extend prior statistical descriptions of the SASE FEL source to enable the systematic inclusion of the effects of correlated variations of the electron beam's phase-space parameters vs, e.g., longitudinal position in the bunch. Selected practical consequences of incorporating the extended source parameter space in the development or design of coherence-related methods and instruments are discussed.