The role of internal urease in acid resistance of Helicobacter pylori.

BACKGROUND & AIMS The relative role of internal urease for acid protection of Helicobacter pylori is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the comparative importance of internal and external urease under acidic conditions. METHODS The pH optimum and measured Michaelis constant for urea of external urease and urease in intact bacteria at different medium pH (pHout) were measured using 14CO2 release from 14C-urea. The effect of urea on membrane potential and bacterial cytoplasmic pH was measured at different fixed pHout. 35S-methionine labeling and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of labeled proteins in the organism and medium measured protein synthesis at different pHout and mechanisms of urease externalization. RESULTS External urease had activity between pH 5.0 and 8.5 and internal urease between pHout 2.5 and 6.5, and its Michaelis constant at pHout 7.5 was 300 mmol/L but at pHout 4.5 was 0.5 mmol/L, similar to free urease. The addition of 5 mmol/L urea to bacteria at fixed pHout from 3.0 to 6.0 elevated potential to about -105 mV and periplasmic pH to about pH 6.2. Protein synthesis occurred mainly between pH 6.5 and 8.0, and urease activity resulted in increased protein synthesis at acidic pH. The labeling pattern of intrabacterial and released protein was similar. CONCLUSIONS Intracellular urease activity is regulated by external pH, defends against gastric acidity by increasing periplasmic pH and membrane potential, and stimulates protein synthesis at acidic pH. External urease is produced mostly by cell lysis.