Applications of importance sampling to polarization mode dispersion

We describe the application of importance sampling to Monte-Carlo simulations of polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) in optical fibers. The method allows rare PMD events to be simulated much more efficiently than with standard Monte- Carlo methods, thus making it possible to assess the effect of PMD on system outage probabilities at realistic bit error ratios.

[1]  Ronald L. Wasserstein,et al.  Monte Carlo: Concepts, Algorithms, and Applications , 1997 .

[2]  A. Willner,et al.  Polarization mode dispersion emulator , 2000, Optical Fiber Communication Conference. Technical Digest Postconference Edition. Trends in Optics and Photonics Vol.37 (IEEE Cat. No. 00CH37079).

[3]  Kung Yao,et al.  On Importance Sampling in Digital Communications - Part I: Fundamentals , 1993, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun..

[4]  A. Owen,et al.  Safe and Effective Importance Sampling , 2000 .

[5]  W. Shieh,et al.  On the second-order approximation of PMD , 2000, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[6]  D. Penninckx,et al.  PMD second-order effects on pulse propagation in single-mode optical fibers , 1998, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[7]  J. N. Damask,et al.  A programmable polarization-mode dispersion emulator for systematic testing of 10 Gb/s PMD compensators , 2000, Optical Fiber Communication Conference. Technical Digest Postconference Edition. Trends in Optics and Photonics Vol.37 (IEEE Cat. No. 00CH37079).

[8]  Gino Biondini,et al.  Correction to "Multiple importance sampling for first-and second-order polarization-mode dispersion" , 2002 .

[9]  Leonidas J. Guibas,et al.  Robust Monte Carlo methods for light transport simulation , 1997 .

[10]  Bruno O. Shubert,et al.  Random variables and stochastic processes , 1979 .

[11]  Linus Schrage,et al.  A guide to simulation , 1983 .

[12]  J.S. Sadowsky,et al.  On large deviations theory and asymptotically efficient Monte Carlo estimation , 1990, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory.

[13]  G. Biondini,et al.  Importance sampling for polarization-mode dispersion , 2002, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[14]  H. Kogelnik,et al.  Probability densities of second-order polarization mode dispersion including polarization dependent chromatic fiber dispersion , 2000, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[15]  I. Miller.  Probability, Random Variables, and Stochastic Processes , 1966 .

[16]  G. Foschini,et al.  Statistical theory of polarization dispersion in single mode fibers , 1991 .

[17]  D. Marcuse,et al.  Application of the Manakov-PMD equation to studies of signal propagation in optical fibers with randomly varying birefringence , 1997 .

[18]  Athanasios Papoulis,et al.  Probability, Random Variables and Stochastic Processes , 1965 .

[19]  Gino Biondini,et al.  Importance-sampled pulse broadening before and after PMD compensation , 2002, OFC 2002.

[20]  G. Biondini,et al.  Polarization-mode dispersion emulation with Maxwellian lengths and importance sampling , 2004, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[21]  I.T. Lima,et al.  Time and frequency domain characteristics of polarization-mode dispersion emulators , 2001, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[22]  Michel C. Jeruchim,et al.  Techniques for Estimating the Bit Error Rate in the Simulation of Digital Communication Systems , 1984, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun..

[23]  J. Damask,et al.  Coherent PMD and programmable PMD generation , 2003, OFC 2003 Optical Fiber Communications Conference, 2003..

[24]  Nicolas Gisin,et al.  Second-order polarization mode dispersion: impact on analog and digital transmissions , 1998 .

[25]  A.O. Lima,et al.  Statistical analysis of the performance of PMD compensators using multiple importance sampling , 2003, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[26]  W. Kath,et al.  Analysis of polarization-mode dispersion compensators using importance sampling , 2001, OFC 2001. Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exhibit. Technical Digest Postconference Edition (IEEE Cat. 01CH37171).

[27]  M. Karlsson.  Probability density functions of the differential group delay in optical fiber communication systems , 2001 .

[28]  A.E. Willner,et al.  Performance limits of first-order PMD compensators using fixed and variable DGD elements , 2002, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[29]  I.T. Lima,et al.  Analysis of PMD compensators with fixed DGD using importance sampling , 2002, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[30]  Mansoor Shafi,et al.  Quick Simulation: A Review of Importance Sampling Techniques in Communications Systems , 1997, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun..

[31]  H. Kogelnik,et al.  PMD fundamentals: polarization mode dispersion in optical fibers. , 2000, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[32]  T Tambosso,et al.  Statistical characterization of fiber random birefringence. , 2000, Optics letters.

[33]  G. Biondini,et al.  Multiple importance sampling for first- and second-order polarization-mode dispersion , 2002, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[34]  Alan E. Willner,et al.  Measurement of Q degradation due to polarisation mode dispersion using multiple importance sampling , 2003 .

[35]  N. Gisin,et al.  Experimental investigations of the statistical properties of polarization mode dispersion in single mode fibers , 1993, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.