A survey of design and implementation for optical camera communication

Visible Light Communication (VLC) has emerged as a promising technology for wireless communication owing to advantages such as bandwidth, license, coexistence and security. Additionally, it was officially standardized by IEEE 802.15.7 in 2011. However, it faces certain challenges that can be considered as grounds to develop a revised version. Optical camera communication (OCC) operates in the same channel band as VLC with more advantages on receiver characteristic and is a candidate for the standardization of issues in IEEE 802.15.7r1. Specifically, OCC presents a new and inexpensive technology that is different from other technologies such as radio frequency technology. Its advantages include the usage of built-in cameras in smart devices that can act as receivers for OCC. Existing lighting systems, such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs), liquid-crystal displays (LCDs), and digital signage, can operate as transmitters. This study provides an overview of extant research on the design and implementation of OCC. The analyses and discussions in the survey present relevant fields of implementation and future directions for OCC technology. The issues of the design and implementation of the Optical Camera Communication (OCC) are surveyed.Comparison among different works is presented.The status of the standardization process of the OCC technologies is clarified.The future trends of the OCC technologies are elucidated.

[1]  MinChul Ju,et al.  Visible Light Communication with Color and Brightness Control of RGB LEDs , 2013 .

[2]  Xing Luo,et al.  Over Octave-Spanning Supercontinuum Generation in Tapered Seven-Core Photonic Crystal Fiber , 2015, IEEE Photonics Journal.

[3]  Chi-Wai Chow,et al.  Hierarchical scheme for detecting the rotating MIMO transmission of the in-door RGB-LED visible light wireless communications using mobile-phone camera , 2015 .

[4]  C. Chow,et al.  Enhancement of Signal Performance in LED Visible Light Communications Using Mobile Phone Camera , 2015, IEEE Photonics Journal.

[5]  Richard D. Roberts,et al.  A MIMO protocol for camera communications (CamCom) using undersampled frequency shift ON-OFF keying (UFSOOK) , 2013, 2013 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps).

[6]  Changyuan Yu,et al.  LED-camera communication system with RGB coding , 2012, 2012 Photonics Global Conference (PGC).

[7]  Chi-Wai Chow,et al.  Color-Shift Keying and Code-Division Multiple-Access Transmission for RGB-LED Visible Light Communications Using Mobile Phone Camera , 2014, IEEE Photonics Journal.

[8]  Ashwin Ashok,et al.  Characterizing multiplexing and diversity in visual MIMO , 2011, 2011 45th Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems.

[9]  Yeong Min Jang,et al.  Resource allocation for multichannel broadcasting visible light communication , 2015 .

[10]  Sung-Yoon Jung,et al.  Modulation and coding for dimmable visible light communication , 2015, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[11]  Wenjun Hu,et al.  LightSync: unsynchronized visual communication over screen-camera links , 2013, MobiCom.

[12]  Ashwin Ashok,et al.  High-rate flicker-free screen-camera communication with spatially adaptive embedding , 2016, IEEE INFOCOM 2016 - The 35th Annual IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications.

[13]  Shree K. Nayar,et al.  DisCo: Display-Camera Communication Using Rolling Shutter Sensors , 2016, ACM Trans. Graph..

[14]  Trang Nguyen,et al.  High-speed asynchronous Optical Camera Communication using LED and rolling shutter camera , 2015, 2015 Seventh International Conference on Ubiquitous and Future Networks.

[15]  T. L. Huang,et al.  Analysis of the optimal temperature for the cryogenic monolithic Nd:YAG laser at 946-nm. , 2016, Optics express.

[16]  Ashwin Ashok,et al.  Capacity of pervasive camera based communication under perspective distortions , 2014, 2014 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications (PerCom).

[17]  Toshiaki Fujii,et al.  Experimental on Hierarchical Transmission Scheme for Visible Light Communication using LED Traffic Light and High-Speed Camera , 2007, 2007 IEEE 66th Vehicular Technology Conference.

[18]  H. Ukida,et al.  Visual communication using LED panel and video camera for mobile object , 2012, 2012 IEEE International Conference on Imaging Systems and Techniques Proceedings.

[19]  Guoliang Xing,et al.  SBVLC: Secure Barcode-Based Visible Light Communication for Smartphones , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

[20]  Trang Nguyen,et al.  Practical design of Screen-to-Camera based Optical Camera Communication , 2015, 2015 International Conference on Information Networking (ICOIN).

[21]  Shoji Kawahito,et al.  Optical Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication System Using LED Transmitter and Camera Receiver , 2014, IEEE Photonics Journal.

[22]  Harald Haas,et al.  Wireless data transmission using visual codes , 2014 .

[23]  Chi-Wai Chow,et al.  RGB visible light communication using mobile-phone camera and multi-input multi-output. , 2016, Optics express.

[24]  Anthony Rowe,et al.  Hybrid visible light communication for cameras and low-power embedded devices , 2014, VLCS@MobiCom.

[25]  Xuan Tang,et al.  Undersampled phase shift ON-OFF keying for camera communication , 2014, 2014 Sixth International Conference on Wireless Communications and Signal Processing (WCSP).

[26]  Kate Ching-Ju Lin,et al.  RollingLight: Enabling Line-of-Sight Light-to-Camera Communications , 2015, MobiSys.

[27]  Zabih Ghassemlooy,et al.  Smartphone Camera Based Visible Light Communication , 2016, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[28]  Fuqiang Liu,et al.  Vehicular Visible Light Communications with LED Taillight and Rolling Shutter Camera , 2014, 2014 IEEE 79th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring).

[29]  Richard D. Roberts,et al.  Undersampled frequency shift ON-OFF keying (UFSOOK) for camera communications (CamCom) , 2013, 2013 22nd Wireless and Optical Communication Conference.

[30]  Thai-Chien Bui,et al.  Demonstration of using camera communication based infrared LED for uplink in indoor visible light communication , 2016, 2016 IEEE Sixth International Conference on Communications and Electronics (ICCE).

[31]  Guoliang Xing,et al.  COBRA: color barcode streaming for smartphone systems , 2012, MobiSys '12.

[32]  Lih Chieh Png,et al.  Experimental Demonstration of RGB LED-Based Optical Camera Communications , 2015, IEEE Photonics Journal.

[33]  Ashwin Ashok,et al.  Challenge: mobile optical networks through visual MIMO , 2010, MobiCom.

[34]  Harald Haas,et al.  Using a CMOS camera sensor for visible light communication , 2012, 2012 IEEE Globecom Workshops.

[35]  Insoo Koo,et al.  Sensor Clustering and Sensing Technology for Optimal Throughput of Sensor-Aided Cognitive Radio Networks Supporting Multiple Licensed Channels , 2015, Int. J. Distributed Sens. Networks.

[36]  Fredrik Kjolstad,et al.  Why New Programming Languages for Simulation? , 2016, ACM Trans. Graph..

[37]  Nam-Tuan Le,et al.  Simple method for indoor localization in OCC using smart phone image sensor , 2014, 2014 Sixth International Conference on Ubiquitous and Future Networks (ICUFN).

[38]  Trang Nguyen,et al.  Asynchronous Scheme for Optical Camera Communication-Based Infrastructure-to-Vehicle Communication , 2015, Int. J. Distributed Sens. Networks.

[39]  Parth H. Pathak,et al.  Visible Light Communication, Networking, and Sensing: A Survey, Potential and Challenges , 2015, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[40]  Sridhar Rajagopal,et al.  IEEE 802.15.7 visible light communication: modulation schemes and dimming support , 2012, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[41]  Shoji Kawahito,et al.  Image-sensor-based visible light communication for automotive applications , 2014, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[42]  Feng Wang,et al.  Visible light communication system for mobile device , 2014, 2014 Sixth International Conference on Ubiquitous and Future Networks (ICUFN).

[43]  Ghafour Amouzad Mahdiraji,et al.  Design of Single-Band Bandpass Filter Using Photonic Bandgap Fiber by Suppressing Core Modes in Higher Order Bandgaps , 2015, IEEE Photonics Journal.

[44]  C. Chow,et al.  Mobile-phone based visible light communication using region-grow light source tracking for unstable light source. , 2016, Optics express.

[45]  Kui Ren,et al.  Rain Bar: Robust Application-Driven Visual Communication Using Color Barcodes , 2015, 2015 IEEE 35th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems.

[46]  James M. Conrad,et al.  Visible light communication using a digital camera and an LED flashlight , 2014, IEEE SOUTHEASTCON 2014.

[47]  Trang Nguyen,et al.  Asynchronous scheme for unidirectional optical camera communications (OCC) , 2014, 2014 Sixth International Conference on Ubiquitous and Future Networks (ICUFN).