Small-scale processes in the upper ocean boundary layer

Here I review some of the recent advances in our knowledge of the physics of the upper ocean boundary layer at scales of micrometres to tens of metres, with emphasis on the nature of turbulence in the layer. A study of sub-surface bubbles produced by breaking wind waves offers some hope of revealing more of the turbulent processes, and indicates that bubbles may be important in the transfer of gases from air to sea.

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