Inhibitors of Eicosanoid Biosynthesis Influencing the Transcripts Level of sHSP21.4 Gene Induced by Pathogen Infections, in Antheraea pernyi

Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) can regulate protein folding and protect cells from stress. To investigate the role of sHSPs in the silk-producing insect Antheraea pernyi response to microorganisms, a sHsp gene termed as Ap-sHSP21.4, was identified. This gene encoded a 21.4 kDa protein which shares the conserved structure of insect sHsps and belongs to sHSP21.4 family. Ap-sHSP21.4 was highly expressed in fat body and up-regulated in midgut and fat body of A. pernyi challenged with Escherichia coli, Beauveria bassiana and nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV), which was determined by quantitative real-time PCR. Meanwhile, knock down of Ap-sHSP21.4 with dsRNA result in the decrease at the expression levels of several immune response-related genes (defensin, Dopa decarboxylase, Toll1, lysozyme and Kazal-type serine protease inhibitor). Additionally, the impact of eicosanoid biosynthesis on the expression of Ap-sHSP21.4 response to NPV was determined using qPCR, inhibitors of eicosanoid biosynthesis significantly suppress Ap-HSP21.4 expression upon NPV challenge. All together, Ap-sHSP21.4 was involved in the immunity of A. pernyi against microorganism and possibly mediated by eicosanoids pathway. These results will shed light in the understanding of the pathogen-host interaction in A. pernyi.

[1]  Zhiguo Yu,et al.  The Toll Signaling Pathway in the Chinese Oak Silkworm, Antheraea pernyi: Innate Immune Responses to Different Microorganisms , 2016, PloS one.

[2]  Yan He,et al.  A short-type peptidoglycan recognition protein from the silkworm: expression, characterization and involvement in the prophenoloxidase activation pathway. , 2014, Developmental and comparative immunology.

[3]  L. Dai,et al.  Overexpression of small heat shock protein 21 protects the Chinese oak silkworm Antheraea pernyi against thermal stress. , 2013, Journal of insect physiology.

[4]  Jiaxin Yang,et al.  Changes in the expression of four heat shock proteins during the aging process in Brachionus calyciflorus (rotifera) , 2013, Cell Stress and Chaperones.

[5]  H. Langberg,et al.  The heat shock protein response following eccentric exercise in human skeletal muscle is unaffected by local NSAID infusion , 2013, European Journal of Applied Physiology.

[6]  Yonggyun Kim,et al.  Toll recognition signal activates oenocytoid cell lysis via a crosstalk between plasmatocyte-spreading peptide and eicosanoids in response to a fungal infection. , 2012, Cellular immunology.

[7]  Guodong Ren,et al.  Stress-induced HSP70 from Musca domestica plays a functionally significant role in the immune system. , 2012, Journal of insect physiology.

[8]  D. Stanley,et al.  Eicosanoids: Exploiting Insect Immunity to Improve Biological Control Programs , 2012, Insects.

[9]  Heather A. O'Neill,et al.  Small heat shock proteins and α-crystallins: dynamic proteins with flexible functions. , 2012, Trends in biochemical sciences.

[10]  Xingqi Guo,et al.  Molecular cloning and characterization of Hsp27.6: the first reported small heat shock protein from Apis cerana cerana , 2012, Cell Stress and Chaperones.

[11]  D. Stanley,et al.  Prostaglandins and Their Receptors in Insect Biology , 2011, Front. Endocrin..

[12]  K. P. Arunkumar,et al.  Heat shock proteins: Molecules with assorted functions , 2011, Frontiers in Biology.

[13]  B. Zhong,et al.  Comparative analysis on the expression of inducible HSPs in the silkworm, Bombyx mori , 2011, Molecular Biology Reports.

[14]  Miao Yu,et al.  Transcriptional regulation of the gene for prothoracicotropic hormone in the silkworm, Bombyx mori , 2011, Molecular Biology Reports.

[15]  T. Rattei,et al.  Independent evolution of the core domain and its flanking sequences in small heat shock proteins , 2010, FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.

[16]  Jean-Christophe Gelly,et al.  Detection and Architecture of Small Heat Shock Protein Monomers , 2010, PloS one.

[17]  H. Kishino,et al.  BMC Evolutionary Biology , 2008 .

[18]  M. Tatari,et al.  The hsp27 gene of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata: structural characterization, regulation and developmental expression , 2008, Insect molecular biology.

[19]  B. Altincicek,et al.  Beetle immunity: Identification of immune-inducible genes from the model insect Tribolium castaneum. , 2008, Developmental and comparative immunology.

[20]  D. Stanley,et al.  Eicosanoids mediate melanotic nodulation reactions to viral infection in larvae of the parasitic wasp, Pimpla turionellae. , 2008, Journal of insect physiology.

[21]  M. Bukrinsky,et al.  Anti-Vpr Activities of Heat Shock Protein 27 , 2007, Molecular medicine.

[22]  D. Stanley,et al.  Eicosanoids mediate Galleria mellonella cellular immune response to viral infection. , 2007, Journal of insect physiology.

[23]  Q. Xia,et al.  Genes Encoding Small Heat Shock Proteins of the Silkworm, Bombyx mori , 2006, Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry.

[24]  Jun Zhou,et al.  Safety evaluation of protein of silkworm (Antheraea pernyi) pupae. , 2006, Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association.

[25]  D. Stanley,et al.  Eicosanoid actions in insect cellular immune functions , 2006 .

[26]  J. Buchner,et al.  Some like it hot: the structure and function of small heat-shock proteins , 2005, Nature Structural &Molecular Biology.

[27]  A. Arrigo,et al.  Immunofluorescence localization of a small heat shock protein (hsp 23) in salivary gland cells of Drosophila melanogaster , 2004, Molecular and General Genetics MGG.

[28]  P. Dean,et al.  Eicosanoid involvement in the regulation of behavioral fever in the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria. , 2003, Archives of insect biochemistry and physiology.

[29]  A. Nappi,et al.  Dexamethasone Inhibition of the Cellular Immune Response of Drosophila melanogaster Against a Parasitoid , 2002, The Journal of parasitology.

[30]  Thomas D. Schmittgen,et al.  Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method. , 2001, Methods.

[31]  E. Harlow,et al.  Using Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual , 1999 .

[32]  K. Inoue,et al.  Eicosanoids mediate induction of immune genes in the fat body of the silkworm, Bombyx mori , 1997, FEBS letters.

[33]  R. Rana,et al.  Eicosanoids Mediate Nodulation Responses to Bacterial Infections in Larvae of the Silkmoth, Bombyx mori , 1997 .

[34]  K. Nickerson,et al.  Insect immune response to bacterial infection is mediated by eicosanoids. , 1991, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[35]  S. Lindquist,et al.  Intracellular localization of heat shock proteins in Drosophila , 1980, Cell.

[36]  N. Eldredge,et al.  Phylogeny and Paleontology , 1972 .